《微生物学 Microbiology》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）antimicrobial drugs 2/2

Chapter 20,part B Antimicrobial Drugs

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 20, part B Antimicrobial Drugs

Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Ergosterol Synthesis 。Polyenes ·Amphotericin B 。Azoles N C CH2 CI 。Miconazole 。Triazoles c- CH2-O-CH- 。Allylamines Miconazole Figure 20.15

• Polyenes • Amphotericin B • Azoles • Miconazole • Triazoles • Allylamines Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Ergosterol Synthesis Figure 20.15

Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis 。Echinocandins Inhibit synthesis of B-glucan Cancidas is used against Candida and Pneumocystis

• Echinocandins • Inhibit synthesis of -glucan • Cancidas is used against Candida and Pneumocystis Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Nucleic Acids 。Flucytocine Cytosine analog interferes with RNA synthesis Pentamidine isethionate Anti-Pneumocystis;may bind DNA

• Flucytocine • Cytosine analog interferes with RNA synthesis • Pentamidine isethionate • Anti-Pneumocystis; may bind DNA Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Nucleic Acids

Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Microtubules (Mitosis) 。Griseofulvin Used for superficial mycoses 。Tolnaftate Used for athlete's foot:action unknown

• Griseofulvin • Used for superficial mycoses • Tolnaftate • Used for athlete's foot; action unknown Antifungal Drugs Inhibition of Microtubules (Mitosis)

Antiviral Drugs Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs 0 0 C- Guanine HN c一N HN C一N CH CH H2N-C-N C-N NN-CN一CN HOCH2 HOCH2 H H H HO H Deoxyguanosine Acyclovir (a)Structural resemblance between acyclovir and guanine-containing nucleoside Figure 20.16a

Antiviral Drugs Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs Figure 20.16a

Antiviral Drugs Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs Phosphate Host cell enzyme thymidine kinase MMNV Incorporated into DNA Guanine DNA polymerase nucleotide Nucleoside (b)Synthesis of normal viral DNA guanine nucleotide Phosphate Viral enzyme thymidine kinase DNA polymerase blocked by false nucleotide.Assembly False nucleotide of DNA stops. (acyclovir triphosphate) Acyclovir (c)Synthesis of false viral DNA nucleotide with acyclovir Figure 20.16b,c

Antiviral Drugs Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs Figure 20.16b, c

Antiviral Drugs Enzyme Inhibitors 。Protease inhibitors 。Indinavir 。HIV Inhibit attachment 。Zanamivir 。Influenza 。Inhibit uncoating ·Amantadine 。Influenza Interferons prevent spread of viruses to new cells 。Viral hepatitis

• Protease inhibitors • Indinavir • HIV • Inhibit attachment • Zanamivir • Influenza • Inhibit uncoating • Amantadine • Influenza • Interferons prevent spread of viruses to new cells • Viral hepatitis Antiviral Drugs Enzyme Inhibitors

Antiprotozoan Drugs 。Chloroquine Inhibits DNA synthesis ·Malaria 。Diiodohydroxyquin 。Unknown 。Amoeba ·Metronidazole ·Damages DNA Entamoeba,Trichomonas

• Chloroquine • Inhibits DNA synthesis • Malaria • Diiodohydroxyquin • Unknown • Amoeba • Metronidazole • Damages DNA • Entamoeba, Trichomonas Antiprotozoan Drugs

Antihelminthic Drugs 。Niclosamide Prevents ATP generation ·Tapeworms 。Praziquantel Alters membrane permeability 。Flatworms 。Pyantel pamoate 。Neuromuscular block Intestinal roundworms

• Niclosamide • Prevents ATP generation • Tapeworms • Praziquantel • Alters membrane permeability • Flatworms • Pyantel pamoate • Neuromuscular block • Intestinal roundworms Antihelminthic Drugs