《微生物学 Microbiology》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）fungi algae protozoa and helminths 2/4

Chapter 12,part B The Eukaryotes:Fungi,Algae,Protozoa,and Helminths

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 12, part B The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Zygomycota Conjugation fungi.Coenocytic.Produce sporangiospores and zygospores. Rhizopus,Mucor (Opportunistic,systemic mycoses)

• Conjugation fungi. Coenocytic. Produce sporangiospores and zygospores. • Rhizopus, Mucor (Opportunistic, systemic mycoses) Zygomycota

Zygomycete Life Cycle ⑨Zygote produces a sporangium Spores are released from sporangium ⑧Karyogamy and meiosis Spore germinates Sexual reproduction to produce hyphae ⑦Zygospore Aerial hypha forms Sporangiospores produces a sporangium 一Sporangium Sporangiophore 6Plasmogamy ⑤Gamete forms at tip of hypha ④Vegetative mycelium grows Asexual reproduction ③Spore germinates to produce hyphae ②Sporangium bursts to Zygosporangium release containing zygospore spores Figure 12.6

Zygomycete Life Cycle Figure 12.6

Ascomycota Sac fungi.Septate.Produce ascospores and frequently conidiospores. Aspergillus (opportunistic,systemic mycosis) Blastomyces dermatitidis,Histoplasma capsulatum (systemic mycoses) Microsporum,Trichophyton(cutaneous mycoses)

• Sac fungi. Septate. Produce ascospores and frequently conidiospores. • Aspergillus (opportunistic, systemic mycosis) • Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum (systemic mycoses) • Microsporum, Trichophyton (cutaneous mycoses) Ascomycota

Ascomycete Life Cycle Conidia Ascospore Conidiophore Conidia Ascospore ⑧Ascus opens germinates ①Hypha produces Conidiophore to release to produce conidiophore ascospores 8 hyphae ⑦Meiosis then mitosis Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction ②Conidia are released Vegetative from conidiophore mycelium grows 0 ⑥Karyogamy ⑤Plasmogamy ③Conidium germinates to produce hyphae Figure 12.7

Ascomycete Life Cycle Figure 12.7

Basidiomycota Club fungi.Septate.Produce basidiospores and sometimes conidiospores. Cryptococcus neoformans (systematic mycosis)

• Club fungi. Septate. Produce basidiospores and sometimes conidiospores. • Cryptococcus neoformans (systematic mycosis) Basidiomycota

Basidiomycete Life Cycle ⑥Basidiospores 8 are formed by meiosis ⑦Basidiospores mature ⑧Basidiospores are discharged Basidiospore germinates to produce hyphae Sexual reproduction Hyphal fragment breaks off vegetative mycelium ③Vegetative Asexual reproduction ⑤Fruiting structure mycelium ("mushroom") grows develops ②Fragment grows to produce new Plasmogamy mycelium Figure 12.8

Basidiomycete Life Cycle Figure 12.8

Anamorphs 。Teleomorphic fungi: Produce sexual and asexual spores. 。Anamorphic fungi:: Produce asexual spores only. rRNA sequencing places most in Ascomycota,a few are Basidiomycota 。Penicillium Sporothrix (subcutaneous mycosis) Stachybotrys,Coccidioides,Pneumocystis (systemic mycoses) Candida albicans (Cutaneous mycoses)

Anamorphs • Teleomorphic fungi: • Produce sexual and asexual spores. • Anamorphic fungi: • Produce asexual spores only. • rRNA sequencing places most in Ascomycota, a few are Basidiomycota • Penicillium • Sporothrix (subcutaneous mycosis) • Stachybotrys, Coccidioides, Pneumocystis (systemic mycoses) • Candida albicans (Cutaneous mycoses)

Economic Effects of Fungi Fungi Positive Effects Negative Effects Saccharomyces Bread,wine,beer Food spoilage Trichoderma Cellulose used for juices and Cryphonectria fabric parasitica (chestnut blight) Taxomyces Taxol production Ceratocystis ulm (Dutch elm disease) Entomorphaga Gypsy moth control

Economic Effects of Fungi Fungi Positive Effects Negative Effects Saccharomyces Bread, wine, beer Food spoilage Trichoderma Cellulose used for juices and fabric Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight) Taxomyces Taxol production Ceratocystis ulm (Dutch elm disease) Entomorphaga Gypsy moth control

Lichens Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) fungus Alga produces and secretes carbohydrates,fungus provides holdfast

• Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) & fungus • Alga produces and secretes carbohydrates, fungus provides holdfast Lichens