《微生物学 Microbiology》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）microbial diseases of the respiratory system 2/3

Chapter 24,part B Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 24, part B Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Tuberculosis 。Vycobacterium tuberculosis:Acid-fast rod.Transmitted from human to human 。M.bovis.<1%U.S: cases,not transmitted from human to human M.avium-intracellulare complex infects people with late stage Hiv infection Figure 24.9

Tuberculosis Figure 24.9 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Acid-fast rod. Transmitted from human to human • M. bovis: <1% U.S. cases, not transmitted from human to human • M. avium-intracellulare complex infects people with late stage HIV infection

Tuberculosis Interior of alveolus Blood capillary Alveolar walls Interior of alveolus Ingested tubercle bacillus Alveolar macrophage Bronchiole Infiltrating macrophage 60 (not activated) 86 Early tubercle Figure 24.10.1

Tuberculosis Figure 24.10.1

Tuberculosis Tubercle bacilli Caseous center Activated macrophages Lymphocyte Figure 24.10.2

Tuberculosis Figure 24.10.2

Tuberculosis Outer layer of mature tubercle Tuberculous cavity Tubercle bacilli Rupture of bronchiole wall Figure 24.10.3

Tuberculosis Figure 24.10.3

Tuberculosis Treatment of Tuberculosis:Prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics Vaccines:BCG,live,avirulent M.bovis.Not widely used in U.S

• Treatment of Tuberculosis: Prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics • Vaccines: BCG, live, avirulent M. bovis. Not widely used in U.S. Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis Diagnosis:Tuberculin skin test screening .+current or previous infection Followed by X-ray or CT,acid-fast staining of sputum, culturing bacteria Figure 24.11

Tuberculosis Figure 24.11 • Diagnosis: Tuberculin skin test screening • + = current or previous infection • Followed by X-ray or CT, acid-fast staining of sputum, culturing bacteria

Tuberculosis 0 8 40 20 0 948 1957 1966 1975 1984 1993 2002 Year (c)Reported tuberculosis cases,1948-2002 Figure 14.11c

Tuberculosis Figure 14.11c

Tuberculosis Black,not Hispanic White,not Hispanic 5,161(31.5%) 3,674(22.4%) Unknown 50(0.3%) Asian/Pacific Islander 0 cases 3,451(21.1%) 1-9 cases American Indian/ Hispanic Alaskan Native ☐10 or more cases 3,805(23.2%)236(1.4%) (a)Tuberculosis cases reported by county in the U.S.A.(b)Percentage of cases by race or ethnic origin in the Source:CDC,1999. U.S.A.Source:CDC 2000. Figure 24.12

Tuberculosis Figure 24.12

Pneumomoccal Pneumonia 。Streptococcus pneumoniae: Capsue Gram-positive encapsulated diplococci Diagnosis by culturing bacteria 。Penicillin is drug of choice Figure 24.13

Pneumomoccal Pneumonia Figure 24.13 • Streptococcus pneumoniae: Gram-positive encapsulated diplococci • Diagnosis by culturing bacteria • Penicillin is drug of choice