上海交通大学：《实验诊断学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）临床病原学检验

临床病原学检验

临床病原学检验

前言实验诊断学（laboratorydiagnosis）是诊断学的一部分，它是基础医学向临床医学过渡的桥梁课程之一。实验诊断学的任务是将临床检验所提供的检验信息，通过医师的分析和思维，科学地应用于临床诊断、鉴别诊断、观察病情、判断预后、预防疾病的一门学科，特别强调在循证实验医学的原则下推行“实验的优化组合应用”和“在实验监测下作个体化治疗的应用”，实验诊断学也可称为临床检验诊断学。因此，它是医学生的必修课，必须加以重视

前 言 ◼ 实验诊断学(laboratory diagnosis) 是诊 断学的一部分,它是基础医学向临床医学过渡 的桥梁课程之一。实验诊断学的任务是将临床 检验所提供的检验信息，通过医师的分析和思 维，科学地应用于临床诊断、鉴别诊断、观察 病情、判断预后、预防疾病的一门学科，特别 强调在循证实验医学的原则下推行“实验的优 化组合应用”和“在实验监测下作个体化治疗 的应用”，实验诊断学也可称为临床检验诊断 学。因此，它是医学生的必修课，必须加以重 视

Clinical laboratoryor medicallaboratory is intended to be inclusiveand cover all institutions providing apathology service orperformingtests on specimensfrom humanbeings.It isfor the biologicalmicrobiological,immunological,chemical,immunohematologicalhematological,biophysicalcytological,pathological,or othertesting of materials derived from thehuman body forthe purpose ofproviding information for thediagnosis,prevention,treatment of

◼ Clinical laboratory or medical laboratory is intended to be inclusive and cover all institutions providing a pathology service or performing tests on specimens from human beings. It is for the biological, microbiological, immunological, chemical, immunohematological, hematological, biophysical, cytological, pathological, or other testing of materials derived from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention, treatment of disease or the assessment of the

ScenarioAA25-year-oldmaleuniversitystudent presents to yourclinic withcomplaints ofa burning sensationon urination and athin urethraldischarge.His medical history included recenttravelto Asiawhere he hadunprotected sexual activity

Selecta SpecimenYour OrderFormAspiratelUPPERGENITALIURINARYAbscessRESPIRATORYMidstream urineThroatCatheter urineEyeUrethral / cervicalCSFswabEarVaginalswabBloodUlcerswabBoneLOWERMarrowRESPIRATORYCatheter tipSputumWashGlstool厂SwabAspirateTissueNoSpecimenRequiredTheMicrobiologyyTransmittedDiseasesS

Select a SpecimenSelect TestsTransportationYour OrderFormUrethral/cervicalFungal TestsBacterial TestsswabViral TestsDirect Exam-StainSpecial MicroscopyBacterialSpecialElectronMicroscopyCultureGramStainMicroscoopyAntigenDetectionGramStainAntibodyDetectionAcidFastStainICultureRoutineBacterialCultureRoutine CultureCryptococcusAntibodyDetectionAntigen DetectionAnaerobicCultureMolecularProbePneumocystisSpecial CultureRespiratoryAntibodyDetectionAntigenDetectionScreenParasite TestslAntibodyDetectionCNSAntibodyScreenDirectExaminationMolecularProbeHepatitis ScreenDirectExam-StainSyphilis SerologyQuickMono/Epstein-BarrAntigen DetectionScreenHIVSerologyScreenCultureMycobacteriaViralExanthemsMolecularProbeDetectionAntibodyScreenOtherTestsChlamydia DetectionClick on a test name forcell CountLegionellaDetectionfurtherdiagnosticSubmitTestsinformationToxinAnalysisBordetellaDetectionTheMicrobiologyofSexuallyTransmittedDiseases

Your Order FormSuggested TestsUrethral/cervicalBloodswabindicates thatthe testXacterialSpecial+SyphilisSerologyScreenyouordered appears onMicroscoopy+HIV Serology Screenthe list of suggested testsGramStain+Hepatitis ScreenRoutineBacterialCultureindicates that the testUrethral/cervicalswabyou ordered is not asuggested test.GramStain+Chlamydia Detectionon thesuggested listRoutine Bacterial Cultureindicates atest thatyou might want to include.Move your cursor overeach suggested testto learn moreThe MicrobioloransmittedDiseases

Your OrderFormSuggested TestsUrethralSwab-GramStainUrethral/cervicalBloodswabWhen oneis suspiciousof qonorrheainamalepatient,a Gram stain of urethralXacterial Special+SyphilisSerologyScreendischarge is a routine diagnostic test. TheMicroscoopy+HIVSerologyScreenpresence of intracellular Gram negativeGramStain+HepatitisScreendiplococciis diagnostic of gonorrheaRoutine Bacterial CultureUrethral/cervicalswabInfemales.aGram stainisnotperformedasGram negativediplococci maybepresentinGramStainthe female genital tract as normal flora.+ChlamydiaDetectionRoutineBacterial CultureTheMicrobiologyTransmittedDiseases

UrethralSwab-Routine BacterialCultureEven though apositive Gram filmof urethralsecretions is diagnostic of Neisseriagonorrhoeae,in male patients,specimensshould also be submitted for culture tocorroborate the Gramfilm findingsand toallow for antibiotic susceptibility testing.Urethral specimens willroutinely becultured for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

一、临床病原体检查目的■临床病原体检查目的：是确定感染的发生和性质，在疾病早期提供恰当的治疗方案，并采取有效的预防措施，防止感染传播造成的危害

一、临床病原体检查目的 ◼ 临床病原体检查目的: 是确定感染的发生和性质，在疾 病早期提供恰当的治疗方案，并采取 有效的预防措施，防止感染传播造成 的危害