上海交通大学：《医学实验技术》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）HLA检测（HLA分型技术）

HLA分型技术

1 HLA分型技术

Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC)WhatisMHC?_HLA- H-2Minorrhistocompatibility antigens

2 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ➢ What is MHC? – HLA – H-2 – Minor histocompatibility antigens

Significance of the MHCroleinimmuneresponse> role in organ transplantation> role in predisposition to disease

3 Significance of the MHC ➢ role in immune response ➢ role in organ transplantation ➢ role in predisposition to disease

Genetic barriers to transplantationautologous:inthe sameisograftindividual (autograft)商isologous:betweengeneticallyIdenticalallograftindividuals (isograft),i.e.,autograftidenticaltwins(inbred惠animals)商homologous:betweenindividuals of the samexenograftspecies (allograft)heterologous:betweenindividualsdifferentspecies(xenograft)

5 Genetic barriers to transplantation • autologous: in the same individual (autograft) • isologous: between genetically Identical individuals (isograft), i.e., identical twins (inbred animals) • homologous: between individuals of the same species (allograft) • heterologous: between individuals different species (xenograft)

Principles of transplantationDonorRecipientGraftHostAHostAacceptedGraftHostBHostArejectedGraftHostBHostAxBacceptedGraftHostAxBHostBrejected

6 Principles of transplantation

Minor histocompatibility antigensand graft survivalminor histocompatibility antigens alsocause rejectionThe rejection time is variable butlongerthanthatformajorhistocompatibilityantigenThey have additive effects

7 Minor histocompatibility antigens and graft survival ➢ minor histocompatibility antigens also cause rejection ➢ The rejection time is variable but longer than that for major histocompatibility antigen ➢ They have additive effects

Graft versus host (GVH)diseaseAnimal X-irradiatedDonorAnimalApriortotransplant(immunocompromized)ImmunocompetentcellsRecipientAxBRecipientCDivision of donorcellsRecipientsanimals die

8 Graft versus host (GVH) disease

GVH disease in humans

9 GVH disease in humans

The human MHC genesclassIlclassDQDRDP4BADRDPDQ10

10 The human MHC genes class II class I DP DQ DR B C A  B C A   DP DQ DR 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 9 

The mouse MHC genesclass IIclass IIIclass Iclass I(C4, factor-B,TNF, etc.)KD00.00XAE

11 The mouse MHC genes I   K D A E   class I class II class III class I (C4, factor-B,TNF, etc.)  