复旦大学：《中国历史——从改良到革命 China-From Reform to Revolution》教学课件_Intellectual Change and the Reform

Intellectual Change and the reform

Intellectual Change and the Reform

Western Impact Late 19th-century economic/ social change remained largely contined to the treaty ports; Soclal and economic structures of traditional china was little affected Western cultural impact -the turning point came during the 1890s. intellectual ferment around 1895 Zhang Hao, almost half a century after 1840 the influx of Western learning "slow"' and its impact on gentry-literati superficial Toward"Western learning'-1860s China cf Japan

Western Impact  Late 19th -century economic/social change remained largely confined to the treaty ports; Social and economic structures of traditional China was little affected.  Western cultural impact – the turning point came during the 1890s, intellectual ferment around 1895.  Zhang Hao, almost half a century after 1840 the influx of Western learning “slow” and its impact on gentry-literati “superficial”  Toward “Western learning” – 1860s China cf. Japan

Kang Youwei(1858-1927) a What about Kang's mental horizon in the 1880s? Two central concerns, twin goals- to protect the faith and to protect the state-formed the core of Kang's reform, revolution fre om above Kangs political programme- institutional reforms A modern navy and army, military examination system Government reorganization, economic development, to promote industry commerce, agriculture, etc -ideal of national power Kangs interpretation of Confucianism - searching for cultural sanction for his reform of traditional China'- Confucianism as the national religion Confucianism as the national religion vs. constitutional monarchy

Kang Youwei (1858-1927)  What about Kang’s mental horizon in the 1880s?  Two central concerns, twin goals – to protect the faith and to protect the state – formed the core of Kang’s reform, “revolution from above”  Kang’s political programme– institutional reforms  A modern navy and army, military examination system  Government reorganization, economic development, to promote industry, commerce, agriculture, etc. – ideal of national power  Kang’s interpretation of Confucianism – searching for cultural sanction for his reform of traditional China’ polity– Confucianism as the national religion  Confucianism as the national religion vs. constitutional monarchy

“ Future Human Society' New world- universalistic spiritual concern ■ Ideal relations between ruling and“ ruland a Ideal world-political ideal of national wealth ower Religious universalism(utopian vision The ideal of nationalism liang Ch'i-ch'ao) Tan Ssu-tung -universal community on earth with no boundaries between nations a A moral gemeinschaft, tung"or"good connections Tan's On Humanity and"complete Westernization,'-called for destroying the" three bonds'"and traditional social-political order as a whole

“Future Human Society”  New world – universalistic spiritual concern  Ideal world – political ideal of national wealth and power  Ideal relations between “ruling” and “ruled”  Religious universalism (utopian vision)  The ideal of nationalism (Liang Ch’i-ch’ao)  Tan Ssu-tung – universal community on earth with no boundaries between nations  A moral gemeinschaft, “t’ung” or “good connections”  Tan’s On Humanity and “complete Westernization” – called for destroying the “three bonds” and traditional social-political order as a whole

The Hundred Days Reform 1895 China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, Kang and liangs petition and reform campaign, 1300 candidates signed the memorial to protect against the peace treaty Development from below''-to influence the gentry, local elite 1895 Society for the Study of Strengthening(Qiang xuehua 6 newspapers(Zhongwan gongbao, Shinu Bao 1896), etc -writing borrowed from sdK. wide circulation Newspapers - new-style schools and study societies a The Hundred Days?Reform (une 11-Sept 21, 1898) Sept 21, 1898, Empress Dowger's coup d'etat, announcing her return to power to give instruction on administration; Kuang hsu Guangxu) Emperor was forced into"solitary seclusion Legacies of the reform era?

The “Hundred Days” Reform  1895 China’s defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, Kang and Liang’s petition and reform campaign, 1300 candidates signed the memorial to protect against the peace treaty  “Development from below” – to influence the gentry, local elite  1895 Society for the Study of Strengthening (Qiang xuehui), newspapers (Zhongwai Gongbao, Shiwu Bao 1896), etc – writings borrowed from SDK, wide circulation  Newspapers – new-style schools and study societies  The “Hundred Days” Reform (June 11- Sept 21, 1898)  Sept 21, 1898, Empress Dowger’s coup d’état, announcing her return to power to “give instruction on administration”; Kuang￾hsu (Guangxu) Emperor was forced into “solitary seclusion.”  Legacies of the reform era?