复旦大学：《中国历史——从改良到革命 China-From Reform to Revolution》教学课件_Ideological Ferment and the May Fourth

Ideological Ferment and the may Fourth

Ideological Ferment and the May Fourth

Political Background The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New army in North China, an the peking government. 2. 12 the Last manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power(warlordism Nationalism( Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression Why did the 1911 revolution fail to build a new Chinese state?

Political Background ► The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it. ► Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New Army in North China, ran the Peking government – 1912.2.12 the Last Manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan ► The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power (warlordism) ► Nationalism (Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression. ► Why did the 1911 revolution fail to build a new Chinese state?

Social Background Parliament dissolved, and in 1915-1916 Yuan attempted to establish himself as emperor -abandoned and died Republic's decline into Warlordism(1916-1928) regionalism, coolie armies, and natural geographic boundaries Sun Yat-sen's Second revolution-to achieve revolutionary objectives through warlord channels, 1917 cooperate, with Canton warlords, 1922 first but abortive northern campaign. The growth of Urban Nationalism Shanghai as an industrial center with a large factory labor class; new life style and a proletarian class for mass movements

Social Background ► Parliament dissolved, and in 1915-1916 Yuan attempted to establish himself as emperor – abandoned and died. ► Republic’s decline into Warlordism (1916-1928) – regionalism, coolie armies, and natural geographic boundaries ► Sun Yat-sen’s “Second Revolution” – to achieve revolutionary objectives through warlord channels; 1917 cooperate, with Canton warlords; 1922 first but abortive northern campaign. ► The growth of Urban Nationalism – Shanghai as an industrial center with a large factory labor class; new life style and a proletarian class for mass movements

1915, Yuan signed the 21 Demands"with Japanese scholars and students wrote to protest against it B八乘已店厚 月量汽民中 三 本面数 國 本根日嵛第二張作國纪念等 國 。月 日 2及 MORNING 勿 POST 回十四一静 长念日

1915, Yuan signed the “21 Demands” with Japanese – scholars and students wrote to protest against it

lew Cl 车青新MHet LA⊥ EUNESSE Since 1916, scholars rejecting what had held china back and 撰主生先秀獨陳 to reevaluate the tradition To abandon the old society and old culture 目 Chinese writing system was under attack as well Literary revolution -to use everyday speech in written form; 11::: baihua, vernacular movement Journals to disseminate the New Culture(Chen Duxius 1年直名原 New yout,1916-1919 六第卷二第 Hu Shi and John Dewey Democracy"and"Science 甲早甲显群a Ibsen and modern drama

New Culture Movement ► Since 1916, scholars rejecting what had held China back, and to reevaluate the tradition ► To abandon the “old society” and “old culture” ► Chinese writing system was under attack as well ► Literary revolution – to use everyday speech in written form; baihua, vernacular movement ► Journals to disseminate the “New Culture” (Chen Duxiu’s New Youth), 1916-1919 ► Hu Shi and John Dewey “Democracy” and “Science” ► Ibsen and modern drama

LA JEUNESSE 茅 青年離 魏 陈独秀 所托 阅国[ 1915年《青年》杂志封而书影

The May Fourth movement Peking student demonstration of May 4, 1919-Provoked by the decision of the peacemakers at Versailles to leave Japanese hands the former German concessions in Shandong By extension, the whole development of thought and activity among the chinese scholar before and after all the failures since 1898 constitutional reform movement-chinese society needs fundamental changes -the intellectual ferment centered in Peking University in 1917 1919 May 4, some 3000 students protest and mass demonstration at Tiananmen burned a ministers house and beat a minister to japan Called a student strike and organized patriotic teams, also in Shanghai, Wuhan, Tianjin, Guangzhou and elsewhere Led by intellectuals who brought both the new cultural ideas and the new patriotism- the student class's responsibility of China's fate

The May Fourth Movement ► Peking student demonstration of May 4, 1919 – Provoked by the decision of the peacemakers at Versailles to leave Japanese hands the former German concessions in Shandong ► By extension, the whole development of thought and activity among the Chinese scholar before and after. ► All the failures since 1898 constitutional reform movement – Chinese society needs fundamental changes – the intellectual ferment centered in Peking University in 1917 ► 1919 May 4, some 3000 students protest and mass demonstration at Tiananmen, burned a minister’s house and beat a minister to Japan ► Called a student strike and organized patriotic teams, also in Shanghai, Wuhan, Tianjin, Guangzhou and elsewhere ► Led by intellectuals who brought both the new cultural ideas and the new patriotism – the student class’s responsibility of China’s fate

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