复旦大学：《中国历史——从改良到革命 China-From Reform to Revolution》教学课件_The Birth of Nationalism

The Birth of nationalism

The Birth of Nationalism

Nationalism a Developed from anti-foreign feelings- national consciousness (esp in treaty ports), only one nation among nations vs Sinocentrism Economic nationalism-developed from trade relations in treaty ports; economic control over the Westerners, " using the trade as a weapon''(competition, shang-than The concept of national sovereignty -political nationalism Treaties lacked equality, so sovereignty was impaired -the effort to abolish extraterritoriality' The new Nationalism in 1900-awakening of patriotism roused by the acts of imperialist aggression Literacy of local citizens and the role of gentry class

Nationalism  Developed from anti-foreign feelings – national consciousness (esp. in treaty ports), only one nation among nations vs. Sinocentrism  Economic nationalism – developed from trade relations in treaty ports; economic control over the Westerners, “using the trade as a weapon” (competition, shang-zhan)  The concept of national sovereignty – political nationalism. Treaties lacked equality, so sovereignty was impaired – the effort to abolish ‘extraterritoriality’  The New Nationalism in 1900 – awakening of patriotism roused by the acts of imperialist aggression.  Literacy of local citizens and the role of gentry class

Liang Chi-chao Kangs student and assistant from the 1880s Editor of Shi-wu p(b)ao( Chinese progress) in Shanghai, 1896 a Liangs writing about nationalism and democratization, political reform more important than Western technology To learn from Japan through translation works, a total remodeling of educational institutions To abolish the civil examinations, to spread useful knowledge and to provide a political education a Liang hope there would emerge a citizenry with political consciousness-"new people' under the mobilization of Groups of gentry-literati

Liang Ch’i-ch’ao  Kang’s student and assistant from the 1880s  Editor of Shi-wu p(b)ao (Chinese progress) in Shanghai, 1896  Liang’s writing about nationalism and democratization, political reform more important than Western technology  To learn from Japan through translation works, a total remodeling of educational institutions  To abolish the civil examinations, to spread useful knowledge and to provide a political education  Liang’ hope – there would emerge a citizenry with political consciousness – “new people” under the mobilization of “Groups” of gentry-literati

Liang chi-chao and Nationalism Rose to fame during the reform Movement in 1898; After the loss of the Hundred Days Reform, exiled to Japan, a newspaper editor 1898-1902 Qingyi Bao "a paper of public opinions 1902, Xinmin Congbao "a miscellaneous paper for a new people?'-new people, the renovation of the people-patriotic new culture movement Rebel element of chinese scholar class. rebel reformers Eloquent style gave his writings great force, writing style powerful and emotional, principles of patriotism and citizenship. A reformer of ideas rather than a revolutionist

Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Nationalism  Rose to fame during the Reform Movement in 1898; After the loss of the Hundred Days Reform, exiled to Japan, a newspaper editor  1898-1902 Qingyi Bao “a paper of public opinions  1902, Xinmin Congbao “a miscellaneous paper for a new people” –new people, the renovation of the people – patriotic new culture movement  Rebel element of Chinese scholar class, rebel reformers  Eloquent style gave his writings great force, writing style, powerful and emotional, principles of patriotism and citizenship. A reformer of ideas rather than a revolutionist

Sun Yat-sen Education and experience as a student (Western medicine and only semi-trained in the Chinese classics, never upper-class literati His program for China's reconstruction, his persistent plotting to overthrow the machus Revive China society''(Xingzhong Hui), 1894 a Second period of revolutionary though, 1900-political aim of the revolution became republicanism, nationalism, and"Three peoples principles USing Japan as their base in the early 1900s, to form a secret revolutionary league Tongmeng Hui, 1905 Revolutionary attempts, the uprising of October 10, 1911

Sun Yat-sen  Education and experience as a student (Western medicine and only semi-trained in the Chinese classics, never upper-class literati  His program for China’s reconstruction, his persistent plotting to overthrow the Machus  “Revive China Society” (Xingzhong Hui), 1894  Second period of revolutionary though, 1900– political aim of the revolution became republicanism, nationalism, and “Three people’s principles”  Using Japan as their base in the early 1900s, to form a secret revolutionary league Tongmeng Hui, 1905  Revolutionary attempts, the uprising of October 10, 1911

Liang and Sun After the Hundred Days Reform, Liang escaped to Japan and worked on newspapers and translations a paper for public opinions and for a new people'-the need for the renovation of the people'; New people's principles ■Thro bug gh the theme of new people'-new culture movement and a new nation in patriotic sentiments Republican was still impossible, because the educational standard was too low, while constitutional monarchism would permit gradual progress a Sun Yat-sen( 1866-1925), mixed educational background, never among the upper-class literati, rather Westernized Anti-Manchu, anti-dynastic, anti-imperialism A revolutionary leader(Hankow in Oct 1911) and other risings a Provincial autonomy against monarchic centralization(provincial assemblies), and Sun had little power to control

Liang and Sun  After the Hundred Days Reform, Liang escaped to Japan and worked on newspapers and translations.  ‘paper for public opinions’ and ‘for a new people’ – the need for ‘the renovation of the people’; New people’s principles  Through the theme of ‘new people’ – new culture movement and a new nation in patriotic sentiments.  Republican was still impossible, because the educational standard was too low; while constitutional monarchism would permit gradual progress  Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), mixed educational background, never among the upper-class literati, rather Westernized  Anti-Manchu, anti-dynastic, anti-imperialism  A revolutionary leader (Hankow in Oct 1911) and other risings  Provincial autonomy against monarchic centralization (provincial assemblies) , and Sun had little power to control

What happened after Oct 1911? a The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New Army in North China, ran the Peking government-1912 2.12 the Last Manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power(warlordism a Nationalism(Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression

What happened after Oct 1911?  The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it.  Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New Army in North China, ran the Peking government – 1912.2.12 the Last Manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan  The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power (warlordism)  Nationalism (Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression