复旦大学：《中国历史——从改良到革命 China-From Reform to Revolution》教学课件_China’s Physical Geography 1_introduction-key info

China's Physical geography Why geography is important to understand human past: Is geography decisive China's Physical Geography RUSSIAN FEDERATION Biks KAZAKHSTAN a/ MONGOLIA M anchuria I nn Mongolia Taklimakan Qilian Shan Sh a nt ELLow d oing Zang PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Great Plai Tibetan Plateau in Lin of China JAPAN Tanggula Shan EAST Tibet CHINA SEA INDIA ( MYANMAR) VIETNAM SOUTH CHINA

China’s Physical Geography Why geography is important to understand human past? Is geography decisive?

G. William Skinner: Macro-regions North china ■ Northwest china Lower yangzi Middle yangzi U1 pper Yangzi ■ Southeast coast ■ Far south ■ Southwest china

G. William Skinner: Macro-regions  North China  Northwest China  Lower Yangzi  Middle Yangzi  Upper Yangzi  Southeast Coast  Far South  Southwest China

Geography: North and South(1) North: dry wheat-millet area a The North China Plain: villages, farm a The Yellow(huang river, the Mother river Loess area: Ecological problem Deforestation. Erosion. and floods a Small plots of land, hard life

Geography: North and South (1)  North: dry wheat-millet area  The North China Plain: villages, farm  The Yellow (Huang) River, the Mother River  Loess area: Ecological problem  Deforestation, Erosion, and Floods  Small plots of land, hard life

The Yellow river and Loess soil

The Yellow River and Loess Soil

Geography: North and South(2) South: moist rice growing areas a Landscape: hilly, rice terraces, rivers, valleys a Population Density: 6/7 population live on 1/3 land that is cultivable Rainfall. monsoon from the south china sea a Cultivation: double-cropped, triple-cropped

Geography: North and South (2)  South: moist rice growing areas  Landscape: hilly, rice terraces, rivers, valleys  Population Density: 6/7 population live on 1/3 land that is cultivable  Rainfall, monsoon from the South China Sea  Cultivation: double-cropped, triple-cropped

Hills anc alleys of south China

Hills and Valleys of South China

Chinese Language Modern Standard Mandarin MSm Written vs. Spoken a Pinyin romanization(phonetic transcription Writing: ideographic rather than phonetic script a Spoken language and dialects a7 major topolects (regional dialects 1 Nothern topolect and 6 in the South Written language and the elite culture, literati

Chinese Language  Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM)  Written vs. Spoken  Pinyin romanization (phonetic transcription)  Writing: ideographic rather than phonetic script  Spoken language and dialects  7 major topolects (regional dialects) 1 Nothern topolect and 6 in the South  Written language and the elite culture, literati

Major Periods in Imperial china estern Zhou, c.a. 1100-771 BC Eastern Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period 770-476 BC(the Feudal System, Confucius 551-479 BC, The Analects a Warring States 403-221 BC (Philosophical Foundations Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC(First Emperor, Great Wal a Han Dynasty 206 BC-220( Confucian studies) Period of north-South disunion 220-589 Sui dynasty 589-618 Tang Dynasty 618-907(Medieval Flowering)

Major Periods in Imperial China  Western Zhou, c.a. 1100-771 BC  Eastern Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period 770-476 BC (the Feudal System, Confucius 551-479 BC, The Analects)  Warring States 403-221 BC (Philosophical Foundations)  Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC (First Emperor, Great Wall)  Han Dynasty 206 BC- 220 (Confucian studies)  Period of North-South disunion 220-589  Sui Dynasty 589-618  Tang Dynasty 618-907 (“Medieval Flowering”)

Song Dynasty 960-1279( Commercial Revolution, Great Inventions) Yuan Mongols)1279-1368 a Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 a Qing(Manchus)1644-1911 *End of Imperial China Republic of China(1912-1949 mainland China a New China(1949-)

 Song Dynasty 960-1279 (Commercial Revolution, Great Inventions)  Yuan (Mongols) 1279-1368  Ming Dynasty 1368-1644  Qing (Manchus) 1644-1911 **End of Imperial China)  Republic of China (1912-1949 mainland China)  New China (1949 - )

The Confucian Code Confucius(551-479 bC) and analect a Ideal world: conventions govern actions harmony Hierarchy: superior- inferior a Social order: everyones role and performance jun jun chen chen fu fu zi zi ■h,“ proper behavior according to status a Governor's virtue of right conduct

The Confucian Code  Confucius (551-479 BC) and Analect  Ideal world: conventions govern actions -- harmony  Hierarchy: superior – inferior  Social order: everyone’s role and performance [“jun jun chen chen fu fu zi zi”]  li, “proper behavior according to status”  Governor's virtue of right conduct