重庆医科大学：《小儿感染病学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）小儿腹泻病和补液疗法（英文）

INFANTILE DIARRHEA CHCUMS DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY

1 INFANTILE DIARRHEA CHCUMS DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND GASTROENTEROLOGY

Background Diarrhea is a clinical syndrome of diverse etiology associated with many influencing factors. It is the most frequent childhood disease second only to the respiratory infection. The major cause of death among world's children and the number one killer of children under five in many developing countries. 2

2 Background ◼ Diarrhea is a clinical syndrome of diverse etiology associated with many influencing factors. ◼ It is the most frequent childhood disease second only to the respiratory infection. ◼ The major cause of death among world’s children and the number one killer of children under five in many developing countries

Disease Burden Worldwide 3-5 billion episodes/year 4-5 million deaths/year Children are the predominant populations. 3.2 billion episodes/year in <5y children 1.3 million deaths/year in <5y children In China ■ 836 million episodes of diarrhea every year ■ 1/4-1/3 of all outdoor patients and a large amount of hospitalizations of children are due to diarrhea 3

3 Disease Burden Worldwide ◼ 3-5 billion episodes/year ◼ 4-5 million deaths/year Children are the predominant populations. ◼ 3.2 billion episodes/year in <5y children ◼ 1.3 million deaths/year in <5y children In China ◼ 836 million episodes of diarrhea every year ◼ 1/4-1/3 of all outdoor patients and a large amount of hospitalizations of children are due to diarrhea

Definition Excuse Me Please From Being Late. I HAVE In pediatrics,diarrhea is Explosive Diarrhea. defined as an increase in the -K Fluidity Volume of stools Number relative to the usual habits of each individual 4

4 Fluidity Volume Number In pediatrics, diarrhea is defined as an increase in the relative to the usual habits of each individual of stools Definition

Normal Stool of Children Breastfed babies:pass stools 3-4 times a day yellow loose (soft to runny)but textured sweet-smelling Bottlefed babies:once a day pale yellow or yellowish-brown bulkier and more formed pretty pungent Babies on solids: thicken and darken slightly have a stronger odor 5

5 Normal Stool of Children Breastfed babies: pass stools 3-4 times a day yellow loose (soft to runny) but textured sweet-smelling Bottlefed babies: once a day pale yellow or yellowish-brown bulkier and more formed pretty pungent Babies on solids: thicken and darken slightly have a stronger odor

Why diarrhea is more dangerous for children N Dehydration Mortality Malnutrition 6

6 Dehydration Malnutrition Mortality Why diarrhea is more dangerous for children ?

Malnutrition and Child Mortality Acute respiratory infections(ARI) 19% Perinatal causes Diarrhoea 18% 19% Malnutrition 55% Measles Other 32% Malaria% 5% 7

7 Malnutrition and Child Mortality

If:Diarrhea Malnutrition Diarrhea Malnutrition The RISK of DEATH is 4 fold higher than that of well nourished children 8

8 If: Diarrhea + Malnutrition The RISK of DEATH is 4 fold higher than that of well nourished children

Why children are highly vulnerable to diarrhea? @ Immature digestive system More nutrition demand Weakness of defense system The normal intestinal flora have not built up well Bottle feeding 9

9 Why children are highly vulnerable to diarrhea? Immature digestive system More nutrition demand Weakness of defense system The normal intestinal flora have not built up well Bottle feeding

Etiology of Diarrhea 10

10 Etiology of Diarrhea