浙江大学医学院：《医学史简论 A Brief History of Medicine》课程教学资源（PPT讲稿）送瘟神——人类与传染病的斗争 Send away the Good of Plague-Battles to Infectious Diseases（一）

送瘟神 人类与传染病的斗争 Send away the Good of Plague Battles to Infectious Diseases

送瘟神- 人类与传染病的斗争 Send away the Good of Plague-Battles to Infectious Diseases

History of Infectious Diseases ● Infection感染 the invasion of the body by any of various infectious agents-including bacteria, viruses, fungi protozoan and worms and the reaction of the body to them or their toxins

History of Infectious Diseases  Infection 感染 the invasion of the body by any of various infectious agents – including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan and worms，and the reaction of the body to them or their toxins

Definitions ● Infectious disease感染病( cause The disease caused by infection and or capable being communicable by infection ● Communicable( contagious) disease传染病( transmission) The disease capable of being transmitted from one person to another or from animals intermediate host to human ● Epidemic disease流行病( ncidence) The occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what is usually expected for a given period of time (epidemic hysteria ● Endemic disease地方病( ocation) The disease that is constantly present in people living in a particular location(endemic thyroid disease-goiter

Definitions  Infectious disease 感染病(cause) The disease caused by infection and/or capable being communicable by infection  Communicable （contangious）disease 传染病(transmission) The disease capable of being transmitted from one person to another or from animals (intermediate host) to human.  Epidemic disease流行病(incidence) The occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what is usually expected for a given period of time. (epidemic hysteria)  Endemic disease 地方病(location) The disease that is constantly present in people living in a particular location (endemic thyroid disease-goiter)

Human and infectious diseases ● Epidemics流行 Sudden outbreak of diseases in excess of what is expected Pandemics(全球)大流行 Sudden geographically widespread outbreak of diseases

Human and Infectious Diseases  Epidemics 流行 Sudden outbreak of diseases in excess of what is expected  Pandemics （全球）大流行 Sudden geographically widespread outbreak of diseases

History of Infectious Disease o Prehistoric period Infectious disease rare o Agriculture society Increased transmission o Urban civilization Congestion of urban inhabitation war and travelling result to outbreak of infectious diseases

History of Infectious Disease  Prehistoric period：Infectious disease rare  Agriculture society：Increased transmission  Urban civilization： Congestion of urban inhabitation, war and travelling result to outbreak of infectious diseases

Three factors of transmission of infectious disease Source of infection (Typhoid Mary, 52/7) 受感染的人 Susceptible population 带菌者 .Transmission routes 直接接触 飞沫传染 Direct (1米以内 (1米以外) touch 间接接触 Droplet通过用具传布 Air -borne昆媒介 (媒介) spittle Indirect Indirect insect touch utensils Routes of transmission Speedof sneeze 170km/h 47.2/s

Routes of transmission Three factors of transmission of infectious disease •Source of infection (Typhoid Mary, 52/7) •Susceptible population •Transmission routes Direct touch Indirect touch Droplet spittle Indirect utensils Air-borne insect Speed of sneeze: 170km/h 47.2m/s

Victories over infectious diseases ◆ Smallpox ◆ plague ◆ affluenza ● Diphtheria Measles o Tetanus o poliomyelitis o schistosomiasis

Victories over infectious diseases  Smallpox  plague  Influenza  Diphtheria  Measles  Tetanus  poliomyelitis  schistosomiasis

天花 smallpox 天花病毒 poxviridae orthopoxvirus 的ADAM pockmarked face, from maculopapular rash to Braised fluid-filled blisters topustules

天花 smallpox 天花病毒 poxviridae othopoxvirus pockmarked face，from maculopapular rash to raised fluid-filled blisters to pustules

天花 smallpox ◆ Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses v died from smallpox in B. C ◆ Frequent outbreak in the history 300 million people died from smallpox in 20th century(100 million died from wars) Ramses v1157 BC

天花 smallpox  Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses V died from smallpox in1157 B.C  Frequent outbreak in the history  300 million people died from smallpox in 20th century (100 million died from wars) Ramses V 1157 BC

Victims of S Smallpox Louis xv 1777 世祖顺治皇帝 Elizabeth 1533-1603 OR 33 Joseph I d1711 顶治1638-1661 Marry ll1662-1694

Victims of Smallpox Louis XV 1777 Elizabeth I 1533-1603 Joseph I d1711 顺治 1638-1661 Marry II 1662-1694