浙江大学医学院：《医学史简论 A Brief History of Medicine》课程教学资源（PPT课件）A Brief History of Medicine（五）

医学史简论(5) a Brief History of Medicine Yu hai Zhejiang University School of Medicine

医学史简论（5） A Brief History of Medicine Yu Hai Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Origin of Medicine Egypt Babylon India China Greece Rome eleva Arabic(islamic Renaissance Pre-modern medicine Modern medicine

Origin of Medicine Egypt Babylon India China Greece Rome Medieval Arabic (Islamic) Renaissance Pre-modern medicine Modern medicine TCM Western Medicine

Medicine in Byzantine Empire( 495 AD to 1453 AD) 293AD Diocletian divided Rome Empire into Eastern and Western (tetrarchy): 476AD fall of Westem Empire 330 AD Constantine I moved the capital to Byzantine and changed the name to Constantinople; 1453 AD Constantinople was conquered by Ottoman Empire, changed Constantinople to Istanbul 大 欧 占趣 313 Edict of milan 元A00年 耶热搬冷 Orthodox 的罗乌索因 Patriarch = 西罗马 东罗马

Medicine in Byzantine Empire ( 495 AD to 1453 AD ) 293AD Diocletian divided Rome Empire into Eastern and Western （tetrarchy）：476AD fall of Western Empire 330 AD Constantine I moved the capital to Byzantine and changed the name to Constantinople；1453 AD Constantinople was conquered by Ottoman Empire，changed Constantinople to Istanbul 313 Edict of Milan Orthodox Patriarch

yzantine Medicine Inherited from ancient greek and roman medicine, influenced on islamic medicine and the western rebirth of Medicine during the renaissance Constantinople became the center of medicine in middle age o the first hospital was built by basil of Caesarea( bishop of Caesarea) in the late 4th century, there was a dedicated hierarchy including the Chief Physician professional nurses and the orderlies o Established medical schools Famous doctors and compilation of text books: Paul(Medical Compendium in Seven Books), Oribasius ( Synagoga Medicae ) Aetius ( Tetrabiblos ) Alexander

Byzantine Medicine  Inherited from ancient Greek and Roman medicine, influenced on Islamic medicine and the Western rebirth of Medicine during the Renaissance. Constantinople became the center of medicine in middle age.  The first hospital was built by Basil of Caesarea （ bishop of Caesarea）in the late 4th century , there was a dedicated hierarchy including the Chief Physician， professional nurses and the orderlies .  Established medical schools  Famous doctors and compilation of text books：Paul (Medical Compendium in Seven Books), Oribasius （Synagoga Medicae ），Aetius （Tetrabiblos ）， Alexander

阿拉伯-伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic medicine o the rising of islam and islamic empire in th centure Prophet Muhammad Abu al-Qasim Muhammad Ibn abd allah ibn abd al Muttalib Ibn hashim 570Mecca-632Medina Saracen Empire(632-1258) o Expansion of the caliphate, 622-750 Caesaropapism o Muhammad, 622-632 Cave Hira, first revelation Rashidun Caliphate, 632-661 Gabriel, Allah is the only god Muhammad is the last prophet and Umayyad caliphate, 661-750

阿拉伯-伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic Medicine  The rising of Islam and Islamic Empire in 7th centure Prophet Muhammad Abu al-Qasim Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Abd al￾Muttalib Ibn Hashim 570Mecca－632Medina Saracen Empire (632-1258) Caesaropapism Cave Hira, first revelation Gabriel, Allah is the only god, Muhammad is the last prophet and messenger of Allah  Expansion of the caliphate, 622–750  Muhammad, 622–632  Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661  Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750

阿拉伯伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic medicine Graeco-Arabic(Hundred Years Translation Movement 使 In abbasid Caliphate(750- 1258 particularly in Caliph Al-Mamun(813-833)period *274i Islam scholars(Masawayh, Huayn etc. translated classical greek, Roman text of philosophy, science, erature as well as medicine into arabic therefore large amount of classical work preserved

阿拉伯-伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic Medicine Graeco-Arabic (Hundred Years) Translation Movement In Abbasid Caliphate (750- 1258) particularly in Caliph Al-Mamun (813-833) period Islam scholars (Masawayh, Huayn etc.) translated classical Greek, Roman text of philosophy, science, literature as well as medicine into Arabic, therefore large amount of classical work preserved

The first muslim physician is believed to have been the prophet muhammad himself, as a significant number of hadiths concerning medicine are attributed to him There is no disease that Allah has created, except that he also has created its treatment Make use of medical treatment for allah has not made a disease without appointing a remedy for it with the exception of one disease, namely old age Allah has sent down both the disease and the cure and he has appointed a cure for every disease, so treat yourselves medically. The one who sent down the disease sent down the remedy For every disease, Allah has given a cure

"There is no disease that Allah has created, except that He also has created its treatment. "Make use of medical treatment, for Allah has not made a disease without appointing a remedy for it, with the exception of one disease, namely old age." "Allah has sent down both the disease and the cure, and He has appointed a cure for every disease, so treat yourselves medically." "The one who sent down the disease sent down the remedy." "For every disease, Allah has given a cure." The first Muslim physician is believed to have been the prophet Muhammad himself, as a significant number of hadiths concerning medicine are attributed to him:

阿拉伯伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic medicine ISlamIc medicine was a genre of medical writing that was influenced by several different medical systems including the time ancient hellenistic medicine such dd traditional arabian medicine of muhammad ' s as Unani, ancient Indian medicine such as ayurveda and the ancient Iranian medicine The works of ancient greek and Roman physicians Hippocrates and galen had a lasting impact on Islamic medicine

阿拉伯-伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic Medicine  Islamic medicine was a genre of medical writing that was influenced by several different medical systems, including the traditional Arabian medicine of Muhammad‘s time, ancient Hellenistic medicine such as Unani, ancient Indian medicine such as Ayurveda, and the ancient Iranian medicine . The works of ancient Greek and Roman physicians Hippocrates and Galen had a lasting impact on Islamic medicine

炼金术 Alkimiya Chery Promoted the development of chemistry Instrument of chemistry ● chemicals ● Chemica| methods (distillation, crystallization sublimation, calcination) The common aims of alchemy were chrysopoeia(transmutation into gold), the transmutation of“ base metal”(e.g,lead) into Nobel metals(particularly gold); the creation of an elixir of immortality the creation of panaceas able to cure any disease; and the development of an alkahest

炼金术 Alkimiya (alchemy) Promoted the development of chemistry •Instrument of chemistry •chemicals •Chemical methods (distillation, crystallization, sublimation, calcination) The common aims of alchemy were chrysopoeia (transmutation into gold), the transmutation of “base metal” (e.g., lead） into “Nobel metals ” (particularly gold); the creation of an elixir of immortality; the creation of panaceas able to cure any disease; and the development of an alkahest, a universal solvent

阿拉伯伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic medicine ◆ Pharmacy ◇1400+ drugs camphor, senna, rhubarb, musk, nutmeg alum, ambergris o Chemical drugs ● Forms of drugs 阿拉伯药房 Arabic Pharmacy A

阿拉伯-伊斯兰医学 Arab-Islamic Medicine  Pharmacy  1400+ drugs (camphor, senna, rhubarb, musk, nutmeg, alum, ambergris)  Chemical drugs  Forms of drugs 阿拉伯药房 Arabic Pharmacy