抗菌药物概论（PPT课件讲稿）Antimicrobial Agents General Consideration

Antimicrobial Agents General Consideration Liming Zhou Department of pharmacology

Antimicrobial Agents General Consideration Liming Zhou Department of pharmacology

Contents Introduction Classification of antimicrobial drugs Special terms ■ Mechanism of action Resistance of antimicrobial agent

Contents ◼ Introduction ◼ Classification of antimicrobial drugs ◼ Special terms ◼ Mechanism of action ◼ Resistance of antimicrobial agent

Introduction Joseph Lister 1867-Father of Antisepsis. Introduced use of carbolic acid Paul Ehrlich 1908-10-first suggest using chemical compounds to treat microbial diseases Penicillium notatum inhibited the growth ofmold Alexander Fleming 1928-observed that the Staphylococcus aureus colonies-unable to purify the compound Gerhard Domagk 1935- Therapeutic value of sulfonamides against streptococcus and other organisms a Penicillin became available in quantities sufficient for clinical use in 1941

Introduction ◼ Joseph Lister 1867 - Father of Antisepsis. Introduced use of carbolic acid. ◼ Paul Ehrlich 1908-10 - first suggest using chemical compounds to treat microbial diseases． ◼ Alexander Fleming 1928 - observed that the mold Penicillium notatum inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus colonies - unable to purify the compound. ◼ Gerhard Domagk 1935 - Therapeutic value of sulfonamides against streptococcus and other organisms. ◼ Penicillin became available in quantities sufficient for clinical use in 1941

ntroduction After that, Streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were discovered since then numerous classes of antimicorabial agents have been identified, and a lot of drugs are available for use today Antimicrobials are among the most commonly used drugs

Introduction ◼ After that ，Streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were discovered. Since then, numerous classes of antimicorabial agents have been identified, and a lot of drugs are available for use today. ◼ Antimicrobials are among the most commonly used drugs

Classification of antimicrobial drugs Antibacterial bacterial drugs Antiviral drugs ● Antifungal drugs

Classification of antimicrobial drugs ⚫ Antibacterial bacterial drugs ⚫ Antiviral drugs ⚫ Antifungal drugs

Host atient Antimicrobial effects Infectious Drug pathogen resistance Fig. 1 The relationship of Host-Drug-Pathogen in chem otherapy

Fig.1 The relationship of Host-Drug-Pathogen in chemotherapy

Antimicrobial Therapy Selective toxicity: bacterial infections provide differences in physiology that can be targeted for therapy Cell wall Protein synthesis: Ribosome Metabolism: antifolates DNA Synthesis: topoisomerase RNA Synthesis Membrane

Antimicrobial Therapy Selective toxicity: bacterial infections provide differences in physiology that can be targeted for therapy Cell wall Protein synthesis: Ribosome Metabolism: antifolates DNA synthesis: topoisomerase RNA synthesis Membrane

Antibacterial agent(抗菌药) a Antibacterial agent can be defined as substances from microorganisms(bacteria, fungi or synthesized substance that produce bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects Antibiotics(抗生素) can be defined as substances from microorganisms(bacteria, fungi) that produce bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects

Antibacterial agent(抗菌药） ◼ Antibacterial agent can be defined as substances from microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) or synthesized substance that produce bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects. ◼ Antibiotics(抗生素） can be defined as substances from microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) that produce bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects．

Special terms Antimicrobial spectrum Antimicrobial spectrum of a drug means the species of microorganisms that the drug can inhibit or kill 1. Narrow spectrum The agents act against a single or limited group of microorganisms, for example, isoniazid is active only against mycobacteria

Special terms Antimicrobial spectrum Antimicrobial spectrum of a drug means the species of microorganisms that the drug can inhibit or kill. 1.Narrow spectrum The agents act against a single or limited group of microorganisms, for example, isoniazid is active only against mycobacteria

Special terms Broad spectrum The agent affect a wide variety of microbial species and are referred to as broad spectrum antibiotics For example, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol a Using broad spectrum antibiotics interfere the nature of the normal bacterial flora and can precipitate a superinfection of an organism

Special terms Broad spectrum ◼ The agent affect a wide variety of microbial species and are referred to as broad spectrum antibiotics. ◼ For example, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. ◼ Using broad spectrum antibiotics interfere the nature of the normal bacterial flora and can precipitate a superinfection of an organism