《固体力学基础》课程教学资源（文献资料）材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照 Selected Technical Terms in Mechanics of Materials

CMmi@seu.edu.cnSelectedTechnical Terms in Mechanics of Materials材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照(version 1.0, September 4, 2011)This tabulated list of selected technical terms in mechanics of materials is developedby Changwen Mi to facilitate the students in various engineering majors at theSoutheast University. This file reflects part of our constant efforts in implementingbilingual teaching ofa series of undergraduateandgraduatemechanics courses hostedby the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Southeast University. We hadmade every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this file for thestudents'sake.We,however,makenoguaranteeoftheeffectsofusingthisfileGeometricpropertiesofanarea截面几何性质centroid形心centroidal axis形心轴first moment of an area 静矩momentofinertia;secondmomentofanarea惯性矩parallelaxistheorem平行移轴定理productsofinertia惯性积polarmomentofinertia极惯性矩radiusofgyration惯性半径compositearea组合截面principalcentroidalaxis主形心轴principalmomentof inertia主惯性矩principalmomentsof inertiaaboutcentroidalaxes主形心惯性矩Structuralmembers构件bar杆prismaticbars等截面直杆Page 1 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 1 of 14 Selected Technical Terms in Mechanics of Materials 材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照 （version 1.0, September 4, 2011） This tabulated list of selected technical terms in mechanics of materials is developed by Changwen Mi to facilitate the students in various engineering majors at the Southeast University. This file reflects part of our constant efforts in implementing bilingual teaching of a series of undergraduate and graduate mechanics courses hosted by the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Southeast University. We had made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this file for the students’ sake. We, however, make no guarantee of the effects of using this file. Geometric properties of an area 截面几何性质 centroid 形心 centroidal axis 形心轴 first moment of an area 静矩 moment of inertia; second moment of an area 惯性矩 parallel axis theorem 平行移轴定理 products of inertia 惯性积 polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩 radius of gyration 惯性半径 composite area组合截面 principal centroidal axis主形心轴 principal moment of inertia主惯性矩 principal moments of inertia about centroidal axes 主形心惯性矩 Structural members 构件 bar 杆 prismatic bars 等截面直杆

CMmi@seu.edu.cnshaft轴column柱（只受压缩）thin-walledtubes（闭口）薄壁杆thin-walledopentubes开口薄壁杆pressurevessel压力容器beam梁neutral surface中性层neutral axis 中性轴simplysupportedbeams简支梁cantileverbeams悬臂梁compositebeams复合梁overhangingbeams外伸梁continuousbeams连续梁fullystressedbeams;beamsofconstantstrength等强度梁beamsofvariablecrosssection变截面梁wide-flangebeams 工字梁web腹板flange翼缘fixed support,clamped support固定端pinsupport固定铰支座rollersupport可动铰支座curved beams 曲梁truss桁架frame刚架cross-section横截面oblique cross-sectionaxis轴线rigid joint刚性结点Page 2 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 2 of 14 shaft 轴 column 柱（只受压缩） thin-walled tubes （闭口）薄壁杆 thin-walled open tubes 开口薄壁杆 pressure vessel 压力容器 beam 梁 neutral surface 中性层 neutral axis 中性轴 simply supported beams 简支梁 cantilever beams 悬臂梁 composite beams 复合梁 overhanging beams 外伸梁 continuous beams 连续梁 fully stressed beams; beams of constant strength 等强度梁 beams of variable cross section 变截面梁 wide-flange beams 工字梁 web 腹板 flange 翼缘 fixed support; clamped support 固定端 pin support 固定铰支座 roller support 可动铰支座 curved beams 曲梁 truss 桁架 frame 刚架 cross-section 横截面 oblique cross-section axis 轴线 rigid joint 刚性结点

CMmi@seu.edu.cnLoads荷载/载荷force力forcecouple力偶moment力矩momentofacouple力偶矩unitload单位力unitcouple单位力偶concentratedloads集中力distributed loads分布力intensityofdistributedloads分布力的集度surfaceforce面力bodyforce体积力static loads静载dynamicloads动载allowableloads许用荷载reaction反作用力internal forces内力axialforce轴力shearforce剪力Stress，StrainandDeformation应力、应变及变形normalstress正应力nominalstress名义应力truestress真实应力averagestress平均应力maximumstress最大应力minimumstress最小应力allowablestress许用应力shearstress剪切应力Page 3 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 3 of 14 Loads 荷载/载荷 force 力 force couple 力偶 moment 力矩 moment of a couple 力偶矩 unit load 单位力 unit couple 单位力偶 concentrated loads 集中力 distributed loads 分布力 intensity of distributed loads 分布力的集度 surface force 面力 body force 体积力 static loads 静载 dynamic loads 动载 allowable loads 许用荷载 reaction 反作用力 internal forces 内力 axial force 轴力 shear force 剪力 Stress, Strain and Deformation 应力、应变及变形 normal stress 正应力 nominal stress 名义应力 true stress 真实应力 average stress 平均应力 maximum stress 最大应力 minimum stress 最小应力 allowable stress 许用应力 shear stress 剪切应力

CMmi@seu.edu.cnpureshear纯剪切normal strain正应变nominal strain名义应变truestrain真实应变shearstrain切应变deformation变形displacement位移deflection挠曲CommonTermsinMechanicsofDeformableBodies可变形体力学常用术语mechanicsofmaterials材料力学strengthofmaterials材料力学mechanicsofdeformablebodies变形体力学strength强度stiffness刚度stability稳定性homogeneity/homogeneous均质/匀质的continuity/continuous连续性/连续的isotropy/isotropic各向同性/各向同性的infinitesimal elasticdeformation微小弹性变形elasticity弹性elasticdeformation弹性变形linearlyelasticbody线性弹性体mechanical properties力学性质plasticity塑性elastoplasticmaterials弹塑性材料tension拉伸compress压缩shearing剪切Page 4 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 4 of 14 pure shear 纯剪切 normal strain 正应变 nominal strain 名义应变 true strain 真实应变 shear strain 切应变 deformation 变形 displacement 位移 deflection 挠曲 Common Terms in Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 可变形体力学常用术语 mechanics of materials 材料力学 strength of materials 材料力学 mechanics of deformable bodies 变形体力学 strength 强度 stiffness 刚度 stability 稳定性 homogeneity/homogeneous 均质/匀质的 continuity/continuous 连续性/连续的 isotropy/isotropic 各向同性/各向同性的 infinitesimal elastic deformation 微小弹性变形 elasticity 弹性 elastic deformation 弹性变形 linearly elastic body 线性弹性体 mechanical properties 力学性质 plasticity 塑性 elastoplastic materials 弹塑性材料 tension 拉伸 compress 压缩 shearing 剪切

CMmi@seu.edu.cntorsion扭转bending弯曲buckling失稳allowableloadmethod许用荷载法allowablestress许用应力allowablestressmethod许用应力法methodof safetyfactor安全系数法methodofdiscountfactor折扣系数法factorofsafety安全系数stressconcentrationfactor应力集中因数residualstress/initialstress/prestress残余应力初应力，预应力stressdistribution应力分布equationofequilibrium平衡方程methodof sections截面法OtherMechanicalTerms其它力学术语dimensionlessquantities无量纲量compositematerial复合材料specimen试件elastic-perfectlyplasticassumption理想弹塑性假设plastichinge塑性铰Axial Loading轴向荷载axiallyloadedbars拉压杆，轴向承载杆axialtension轴向拉伸axialcompression轴向压缩axialforces轴向力internalforces内力method of section截面法Page 5 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 5 of 14 torsion 扭转 bending 弯曲 buckling 失稳 allowable load method 许用荷载法 allowable stress 许用应力 allowable stress method 许用应力法 method of safety factor 安全系数法 method of discount factor 折扣系数法 factor of safety 安全系数 stress concentration factor 应力集中因数 residual stress / initial stress / prestress 残余应力初应力，预应力 stress distribution 应力分布 equation of equilibrium 平衡方程 method of sections 截面法 Other Mechanical Terms 其它力学术语 dimensionless quantities 无量纲量 composite material 复合材料 specimen 试件 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption 理想弹塑性假设 plastic hinge 塑性铰 Axial Loading 轴向荷载 axially loaded bars 拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axial tension 轴向拉伸 axial compression 轴向压缩 axial forces 轴向力 internal forces 内力 method of section 截面法

CMmi@seu.edu.cndiagramofaxialforces轴力图stresstensor应力张量longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的Saint-Venant'sPrinciple圣维南原理stressesonobliqueplanes斜截面上的应力axialdeformation轴向变形elongation伸长量extensometer引伸计、伸展仪、伸长计uniaxial stress单向应力，单轴应力normalstress正应力sign convention符号规定transverse/lateralstrain横向应变Tension/compressionrigidity拉压刚度(EA)stressconcentrationfactor应力集中系数MechanicalBehaviorofMaterials材料力学行为gaugelength标记长度constitutiverelations本构关系（物理方程）HookesLaw胡克定律generalizedHook'slaw广义胡克定律stress-straindiagram应力应变图Hook'slawofshearing剪切胡克定律brittle脆性brittlematerials脆性材料ductile韧性ductilematerials塑性材料，韧性材料，延展性材料plasticdeformation塑性变形，残余变形creep蠕变Page 6 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 6 of 14 diagram of axial forces 轴力图 stress tensor 应力张量 longitudinal 纵向的 transverse 横向的 Saint-Venant’s Principle 圣维南原理 stresses on oblique planes 斜截面上的应力 axial deformation 轴向变形 elongation 伸长量 extensometer 引伸计、伸展仪、伸长计 uniaxial stress 单向应力，单轴应力 normal stress 正应力 sign convention 符号规定 transverse/lateral strain 横向应变 Tension/compression rigidity 拉压刚度 (EA) stress concentration factor 应力集中系数 Mechanical Behavior of Materials 材料力学行为 gauge length 标记长度 constitutive relations 本构关系（物理方程） Hooke’s Law 胡克定律 generalized Hook’s law 广义胡克定律 stress-strain diagram 应力应变图 Hook’s law of shearing 剪切胡克定律 brittle 脆性 brittle materials 脆性材料 ductile 韧性 ductile materials 塑性材料，韧性材料，延展性材料 plastic deformation 塑性变形，残余变形 creep 蠕变

CMmi@seu.edu.cnrelaxation松弛proportional limit比例极限elasticmodulus;modulusof elasticity弹性模量Young'smodulus杨氏模量elasticlimit弹性极限yieldstress屈服应力yield strength屈服强度offsetyieldstress名义屈服强度strainhardening强化，冷作硬化ultimatestrength,strengthlimit强度极限ultimatestress极限应力lowcarbonsteel低碳钢cast iron 铸铁transverselyisotropic横向同性necking颈缩plasticflow塑性流动percentreductioninarea断面收缩率percentelongation延伸率bulkmodulus大块模量，体积模量Poisson'sratio泊松比ShearingandbearingStress剪切和挤压应力Shear/shearing剪切Shear/shearingstress切应力bearing挤压bearing stress挤压应力bearingsurface挤压面single shear 单剪double shear 双剪Page 7 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 7 of 14 relaxation 松弛 proportional limit 比例极限 elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 Young’s modulus 杨氏模量 elastic limit 弹性极限 yield stress 屈服应力 yield strength 屈服强度 offset yield stress 名义屈服强度 strain hardening 强化，冷作硬化 ultimate strength, strength limit 强度极限 ultimate stress 极限应力 low carbon steel 低碳钢 cast iron 铸铁 transversely isotropic 横向同性 necking 颈缩 plastic flow 塑性流动 percent reduction in area 断面收缩率 percent elongation 延伸率 bulk modulus 大块模量，体积模量 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比 Shearing and bearing Stress 剪切和挤压应力 Shear/shearing 剪切 Shear/shearing stress 切应力 bearing 挤压 bearing stress 挤压应力 bearing surface 挤压面 single shear 单剪 double shear 双剪

CMmi@seu.edu.cnrod吊杆boom托架pin销钉rivet铆钉joints/connectors连接件lapjoint搭接buttjoint对接pureshear纯剪切theoremofconjugate shearing stress切应力互等定理shearmodulus切变模量ultimateshearstress剪切极限应力yieldshearstress剪切屈服应力Torsion扭转torsionalmoment扭矩twistingmoment扭力矩power&torque功率与扭矩torquediagram扭矩图angleoftwist扭转角angleoftwistperunitlength单位长度扭转角torsionalrigidity抗扭刚度，扭曲刚度sectionmodulusintorsion抗扭截面系数slip-lines滑移线slipbands滑移带，剪切带free torsion 自由扭转constrained torsion约束扭转Bending 弯曲symmetricbending对称弯曲Page 8 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 8 of 14 rod 吊杆 boom 托架 pin 销钉 rivet 铆钉 joints/connectors 连接件 lap joint 搭接 butt joint 对接 pure shear 纯剪切 theorem of conjugate shearing stress 切应力互等定理 shear modulus 切变模量 ultimate shear stress 剪切极限应力 yield shear stress 剪切屈服应力 Torsion 扭转 torsional moment 扭矩 twisting moment 扭力矩 power & torque 功率与扭矩 torque diagram 扭矩图 angle of twist 扭转角 angle of twist per unit length 单位长度扭转角 torsional rigidity 抗扭刚度，扭曲刚度 section modulus in torsion 抗扭截面系数 slip-lines 滑移线 slip bands 滑移带，剪切带 free torsion 自由扭转 constrained torsion 约束扭转 Bending 弯曲 symmetric bending 对称弯曲

CMmi@seu.edu.cnsymmetriclongitudinalplane纵向对称面transverseloading横向荷载shearforce剪力shearflow剪流shearforcediagram剪力图equationof shearforces剪力方程bending moment 弯矩equationofbendingmoment弯矩方程bendingmomentdiagram弯矩图purebending纯弯曲Transversebending横力弯曲planecross-sectionhypothesis平面假设hypothesisofuniaxial stress单轴应力假设neutral surface中性层neutral axis中性轴bendingnormal stress弯曲正应力sectionmodulus抗弯截面系数bendingshearstress弯曲切应力constant-strength beam;fully stressed beams 等强度梁deflection挠曲，挠度angleof rotation转角slope斜率curvature 曲率radiusof curvature曲率半径deflectioncurve挠曲线approximatedifferentialequationofdeflection挠曲轴近似微分方程flexural rigidity抗弯刚度method of successive integrations积分法boundarycondition边界条件Page 9 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 9 of 14 symmetric longitudinal plane 纵向对称面 transverse loading 横向荷载 shear force 剪力 shear flow 剪流 shear force diagram 剪力图 equation of shear forces 剪力方程 bending moment 弯矩 equation of bending moment 弯矩方程 bending moment diagram 弯矩图 pure bending 纯弯曲 Transverse bending 横力弯曲 plane cross-section hypothesis 平面假设 hypothesis of uniaxial stress 单轴应力假设 neutral surface 中性层 neutral axis 中性轴 bending normal stress 弯曲正应力 section modulus 抗弯截面系数 bending shear stress 弯曲切应力 constant-strength beam; fully stressed beams 等强度梁 deflection 挠曲，挠度 angle of rotation 转角 slope 斜率 curvature 曲率 radius of curvature 曲率半径 deflection curve 挠曲线 approximate differential equation of deflection 挠曲轴近似微分方程 flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度 method of successive integrations 积分法 boundary condition 边界条件

CMmi@seu.edu.cncontinuitycondition连续性条件symmetrycondition对称性条件method of superposition叠加法linear superposition线性叠加superpositionof loads荷载叠加superpositionofrigidized structures刚化叠加，变形叠加methodof singular/discontinuityfunction奇异函数法boundaryvalues边界值moment-areatheorems图乘法unsymmetricbending不对称弯曲shearcenter弯曲中心bendingstrainenergy弯曲应变能IndeterminateProblems超静定问题staticallydeterminateproblem静定问题staticallyindeterminateproblem静不定问题，超静定问题degreeofstaticindeterminacy静不定次，超静定次数redundancy余，多余redundant restraint 多余约束basicdeterminatesystem基本静定系forcemethod力法equationofdeformationcompatibility变形协调方程complementaryequation补充方程thermal stress热应力coefficientofthermal expansion线胀系数assemblystress装配应力residual stress残余应力thermal strain热应变eigenstrain特征应变Page 10 of 14

CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 10 of 14 continuity condition 连续性条件 symmetry condition 对称性条件 method of superposition 叠加法 linear superposition 线性叠加 superposition of loads 荷载叠加 superposition of rigidized structures 刚化叠加，变形叠加 method of singular/discontinuity function 奇异函数法 boundary values 边界值 moment-area theorems 图乘法 unsymmetric bending 不对称弯曲 shear center 弯曲中心 bending strain energy 弯曲应变能 Indeterminate Problems 超静定问题 statically determinate problem 静定问题 statically indeterminate problem 静不定问题，超静定问题 degree of static indeterminacy 静不定次，超静定次数 redundancy 冗余，多余 redundant restraint 多余约束 basic determinate system 基本静定系 force method 力法 equation of deformation compatibility 变形协调方程 complementary equation 补充方程 thermal stress 热应力 coefficient of thermal expansion 线胀系数 assembly stress 装配应力 residual stress 残余应力 thermal strain 热应变 eigenstrain 特征应变