《计算机导论》课程教学课件（英文讲稿）2-a-Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware Personal Computer Basics Personal computer: Computer system include peripheral devices(input,output and storage equipment) Components: 1-System unit is case that Top Cover Panel hold the components. Front f Frame Back Ot Frome 2-Keyboard Power Cord Exernel 5.25' P角ug Dnve Bays 3-Mouse Ports Extarnalmemel 4-Hard disk drive 35 Drive Bays Power Supply Power Supply LEDand 5-CD and DVD drives Fan Vent IO Template 6-Storage Expansion Siot inserts 7-Sound system Drive Power Vent Holes Connectors 8-Display System(LCD CRT) Feet Bottom Of Freme 9-Network and Internet access (Back Peir) 10-Printer

Computer Hardware Personal computer: Computer system include peripheral devices ( input, output and storage equipment) Components: 1-System unit is case that hold the components. 2- Keyboard 3- Mouse 4- Hard disk drive 5- CD and DVD drives 6- Storage 7- Sound system 8- Display System ( LCD & CRT) 9- Network and Internet access 10- Printer Personal Computer Basics

Types of Computers ·1-Tower ·2-Desktop ·3-mini Case 4-computer the circuitry is integrated into the back of flat-panel screen. 5-Portable computer Notebook and Netbook ·6-table computer 7-Ultra-mobile computer Home computers-Media Centre PC- Business systems-Game computers There are three personal computers platforms: 1-PC 2-Mac 3-Linux

• 1- Tower • 2- Desktop • 3- mini Case • 4- computer the circuitry is integrated into the back of flat-panel screen. • 5- Portable computer Notebook and Netbook • 6- table computer • 7- Ultra- mobile computer • Home computers - Media Centre PC - Business systems - Game computers There are three personal computers platforms: 1- PC 2- Mac 3- Linux Types of Computers

Microprocessors and Memory Microprocessor (Processor): Intel pentium 3.2 GHz(Million cycles per second): Microprocessor's clock operates at a speed of 3.2 billion per second) intel. The speed of the microprocessor clock-a entium4 timing 800M9SBromtSiae us): instructions Refers to the circuitry that transports data to and from the microprocessor. ·Vord size: A number of bits that the microprocessor can manipulate at one time.e.g.32-bits or 64-bits (32 bits registers or 64-bits) 2 MB Cache (Cash)measured in KB. 。Cash: is special high-speed memory that allows a microprocessor to access data more rapidly than memory

Microprocessor (Processor): • Intel pentium 3.2 GHz (Million cycles per second): • 800M Hz FSB (front side bus): Refers to the circuitry that transports data to and from the microprocessor. • Word size: A number of bits that the microprocessor can manipulate at one time. e.g. 32-bits or 64-bits (32 bits registers or 64-bits) • 2 MB Cache (Cash) measured in KB. • Cash: is special high-speed memory that allows a microprocessor to access data more rapidly than memory. Microprocessors and Memory The speed of the microprocessor clock- a timing device that sets the pace for excuting instructions Microprocessor’s clock operates at a speed of 3.2 billion per second)

Microprocessors and Memory CISC(Complex instruction set computer)technology. RISC (Reduced instructions set computer)technology. RISC processor performs instructions faster than CISC. Microprocessor excute more than one instructions at a time 1-Serial processing (one by one),one instruction at a time. 2-Pipelining processing(Starting with next before it completes the pervious) 3-Parallel processing (Multiple instructions are excuted at the same time)

• CISC (Complex instruction set computer) technology. • RISC (Reduced instructions set computer)technology. RISC processor performs instructions faster than CISC. Microprocessor excute more than one instructions at a time 1- Serial processing (one by one) , one instruction at a time. 2- Pipelining processing (Starting with next before it completes the pervious) 3- Parallel processing (Multiple instructions are excuted at the same time) Microprocessors and Memory

Today's Microprocessors AMD(Advanced Micro Devices) Intel Opteron Core Althlon 64 Xeon Turion 64 Itanium Sempron Pentium D Mobile Sempron Pentium Extreme Edition Celeron /Celeron M Pentium 4 Intel Atom Intel Core i7 Overclocking is a technique for increasing the speed of CPU,GPU,motherboard and memory (Dont try it)

AMD( Advanced Micro Devices) Intel Opteron Core Althlon 64 Xeon Turion 64 ltanium Sempron Pentium D Mobile Sempron Pentium Extreme Edition Celeron / Celeron M Pentium 4 Intel Atom Intel Core i7 Today’s Microprocessors Overclocking : is a technique for increasing the speed of CPU, GPU, motherboard and memory (Dont try it)

RAM (random access memory) RAM: Is a temporary holding area for data,applications program instructions and the OS. Is a waiting room for the computer's processor Data Raw data Proccessed data

RAM : • Is a temporary holding area for data, applications program instructions and the OS. • Is a waiting room for the computer’s processor RAM (random access memory) Data Raw data & Proccessed data

How does RAM work? In RAM microscopic electronic parts called Capacitors. The capacitors,that can only hold a charge,or not hold a charge,are arranged in banks of eight.If a capacitor has a charge,it is given a value of 1.If it doesn't hold a charge,it carries a value of 0. 。 RAM address on each bank helps the computer locate data. RAM is volatile,this means it requires power to hold data. If the computer run out memory,then the computer allocate data on HD(Virtual memory)

• In RAM microscopic electronic parts called Capacitors. • The capacitors, that can only hold a charge, or not hold a charge, are arranged in banks of eight. If a capacitor has a charge, it is given a value of “1”. If it doesn’t hold a charge, it carries a value of “0”. • RAM address on each bank helps the computer locate data. • RAM is volatile, this means it requires power to hold data. • If the computer run out memory, then the computer allocate data on HD( Virtual memory). How does RAM work?

ROM Read-only memory) ROM: Is type of memory circuitry that hold the computer's startup routline. ROM is permanent and non-volatile. ROM contains small set of instructions called the ROM BIOS ROM BIOS(Basic input/output system): Is a set of instructions tell the computer how to access the hard disk,find the operating system and load it into RAM. EEPROM(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory): Is a non-volatile chip that requires no power to hold data EEPROMs replace CMOS technology that required power from a small battery integrated into the system board

ROM: Is type of memory circuitry that hold the computer’s startup routline. - ROM is permanent and non-volatile. - ROM contains small set of instructions called the ROM BIOS ROM BIOS(Basic input/output system): Is a set of instructions tell the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system and load it into RAM. EEPROM( electrically erasable programmable read-only memory): Is a non-volatile chip that requires no power to hold data. EEPROMs replace CMOS technology that required power from a small battery integrated into the system board ROM ( Read-only memory)