《计算机导论》课程教学课件（英文讲稿）4- operating system

Operating system Basics Operating system: 1-Microsoft operating system 2-Mac OS(苹果公司开发的操作系统) 3-Linux operating system Most of the computers are sold with preinstalled operating system(已装操作系统). -Operating system interact with application, User device drives and hardware to manage a computer's resources(RAM,HD,Printer.). Application ·(操作系统通过与应用软件、设备驱动程序和 硬件之间的交互来管理计算机资源) Operating System Hardware

Operating system: 1- Microsoft operating system 2- Mac OS（苹果公司开发的操作系统） 3- Linux operating system - Most of the computers are sold with preinstalled operating system(已装操作系统). -Operating system interact with application, device drives and hardware to manage a computer’s resources (RAM, HD, Printer.). -（操作系统通过与应用软件、设备驱动程序和 -硬件之间的交互来管理计算机资源） Operating system Basics

Operating system Basics Task manager lists the processes that are being excuted by the microprocessor. (Page:150.Task manager(任务管理器)) Memory leak(内存泄漏)： When the data from one area of memory overflow (into memory allocated to(分配给)another program. (Page:151.RAM) (Page:152.Interact direct with OS(Parctic)) (Pages:152-155.User Interface,GUl,Mac)

Task manager lists the processes that are being excuted by the microprocessor. (Page: 150. Task manager（任务管理器）) Memory leak（内存泄漏）: When the data from one area of memory overflow（溢出） into memory allocated to（分配给） another program. (Page: 151. RAM) (Page: 152. Interact direct with OS (Parctic)) (Pages: 152-155. User Interface, GUI, Mac) Operating system Basics

The Boot Proces= Windows on HD ROM Entire OS stored in ROM OS kernel(内核) loaded into RAM RAM Kernel stays in RAM as long as computer is on CPU Page:157.Events during boot OS is available as process needed

The Boot Process HD ROM RAM CPU Entire OS stored in ROM Windows on HD OS kernel（内核） loaded into RAM Kernel stays in RAM as long as computer is on OS is available as needed Page: 157. Events during boot process

Windows 1.0,2.0 and 3.1 Windows Version 1.0,2.0 and 3.1 required MS-DOS rie-REE0G五 ▣▣0 Character Paragraph c:AD鲜s Docunent ABC 2taao Version 1.81 AIt+F10 Cepyright 1985.Nicrosoft Corp. HOUT THE BPO .cO VIN.INT Reversi 账○ C10 Gane Skill Control Panel CL IPS Disk Space Free: Hemory Free: 3K hst1lt1 on Setup上re千crenc0s CONTROL.EXE ECAMUN南.8 -Date- 0R.0H EGAHONO.LGO 12:0:54t 1/0/95 Calculotor curser B1ink- Deub1eC1ic金 Fas Fast 0. ◆ e 0 ■■分 ⊙ 5 8 2 0 ▣ @ 息可 Accessodles 包 Windows 3.1 with GUl ○EU

• Windows Version 1.0, 2.0 and 3.1 required MS-DOS Windows 1.0, 2.0 and 3.1 Windows 3.1 with GUI

Windows 95 From the Windows version 95 supported 32-bits ·Revised the GUl(修改图形界面) ·TCP/IP ·Dial-up network拨号上网 ·Long file name 划 ·Plug-n-play feature 型 可出H 1h 材。 (Page:159.windows versions) (Page:158.Different windows)

• From the Windows version 95 supported 32-bits • Revised the GUI（修改图形界面） • TCP/IP • Dial-up network 拨号上网 • Long file name • Plug-n-play feature • (Page: 159. windows versions) • (Page: 158. Different windows) Windows 95

Mac Operating system Mac Operating system: Designed for a line Macintosh computers based on the Motorola 6800 CPU. Mac use the EFI(Extensible Firmware Interface)instead of.dll in windows operating system. The new version is Mac OS X.(X =10),this version can better memory management and multitasking capabilities. Mac easy to use,reliable and secure. ·Strenght memory prodection,low error and glitches(小毛病). ·Backward compatibility(向后兼容) Dual boot optios(双启动) Good virtual machine(虚拟机)platform. Mac weaknesses:A limit of software,selection games for Mac) (Pages:163-164.dual boot and virtual machine)

Mac Operating system: • Designed for a line Macintosh computers based on the Motorola 6800 CPU. • Mac use the EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) instead of .dll in windows operating system. • The new version is Mac OS X. (X =10), this version can better memory management and multitasking capabilities. • Mac easy to use, reliable and secure. • Strenght memory prodection, low error and glitches(小毛病). • Backward compatibility（向后兼容） • Dual boot optios（双启动） • Good virtual machine（虚拟机） platform. • Mac weaknesses: A limit of software, selection games for Mac) • (Pages: 163-164. dual boot and virtual machine) Mac Operating system

Files in Mac Operating systems Mac OS:the files have two parts called fork: ·1-Data fork(数据部分)： contains data such as text for documents,graphics for photo or the command for program. 2-Resource fork(资源部分)： contains information about the data in data fork the application that created it APPLICATION FILE DOCUMENT FILE A POWERPC DESCRIPTIONS OF USER'S DATA LAST LOCATION AND Resource fork pose diffculties APPLICATION CODE MENUS,DIALOG SIZE OF WINDOW. BOXES.ICONS ETC. for transferring files to other MSSING TEXT STRINGS FOR APPLICATION NAVE platform(资源部分对于将文件 HELP BALLOONS 转移到其他平台制造了®难) AND DIALOG BOXES PAPER SIZE SPECIFIED IN PAGE SETUP.DIALOG DATA FORK RESOURCE FORK DATA FORK RESOURCE FORK

Mac OS : the files have two parts called fork: • 1- Data fork（数据部分）: contains data such as text for documents, graphics for photo or the command for program. • 2- Resource fork（资源部分）: contains information about the data in data fork + the application that created it Files in Mac Operating systems Resource fork pose diffculties for transferring files to other platform（资源部分对于将文件 转移到其他平台制造了困难）

UNIX and Linux Operating systems UNIX developed in 1969 ·Linux is Inspired by(受启发)and loosely(不受约束) based on a UNIX. Linux is unique:distributed with the source code under the term General Public Licence).free too use and develop. Designed for microcomputers. ·Multitasking(多任务) ·TCP/IP drivers Multiusers capabilities. ·Popular OS for email. Popular OS for Web server. (Page:165.KDE

• UNIX developed in 1969 • Linux is Inspired by（受启发） and loosely（不受约束） based on a UNIX. • Linux is unique: distributed with the source code under the term ( General Public Licence). free too use and develop. • Designed for microcomputers. • Multitasking（多任务） • TCP/IP drivers • Multiusers capabilities. • Popular OS for email. • Popular OS for Web server. (Page: 165. KDE ) UNIX and Linux Operating systems