《英语语法与写作》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）非限定动词 Non-finite Verb（2/2）

分词 Participles

分词 Participles

现在分词和过去分词 分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形 式同动名词一样，在动词后面加ing。而过去分词 的形式则在动词后面加ed(不规则动词见不规则动 词).分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。 构成： 现在分词 主动 被动 般 writing being written 完成 having written having been written 过去分词 般 written

现在分词和过去分词 分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形 式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词 的形式则在动词后面加 ed（不规则动词见不规则动 词）. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。 现 在 分 词 主 动 被 动 一般 writing being written 完成 having written having been written 过 去 分 词 一般 written 构成：

现在分词（现在分词表示“主动和进行”） 作定语 China is a developing country 中国是一个发展中国家。 That's an interesting story 这是一个有趣的故事。 The girl singing for us is ten years old. 给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。 注： 1、作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分 词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后 There is a car running in the street. 2、如被修饰的名词是something,anything, everything,nothing等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。 There is nothing interesting

现在分词（现在分词表示“主动和进行”） 一、作定语 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 That's an interesting story. 这是一个有趣的故事。 The girl singing for us is ten years old. 给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。 注： 1、作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分 词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后 There is a car running in the street. 2、如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。 There is nothing interesting

二、 作状语 可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状 语时，它的逻辑主语可以与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当 于一个状语从句。 Being a student,he likes to help others. 作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。 Wearing a new pair of glasses,she can read easily 戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。 She is there waiting for us. 她在那儿等我们呢。 Not having(分词的否定式)enough hands,.we turned to them for help.(=Because we don't have enough hands). Having finished his homework,the boy went to play computer game. 现在分词的完成式表示这个动作在谓语所表示的动作之前完成。 又如： Having succeeded in the last examination,she was more confident of another success in the coming one

二、作状语 可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状 语时，它的逻辑主语可以与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当 于一个状语从句。 Being a student, he likes to help others. 作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。 Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily. 戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。 She is there waiting for us. 她在那儿等我们呢。 Not having (分词的否定式）enough hands, we turned to them for help.(=Because we don't have enough hands). Having finished his homework, the boy went to play computer game. 现在分词的完成式表示这个动作在谓语所表示的动作之前完成。 又如: Having succeeded in the last examination, she was more confident of another success in the coming one

Having been given such a good chance,he planned to work hard. (现在分词的完成式的被动式) 现在分词的完成被动式表示分词的动作发生在谓语的行为 之前，且动作由逻辑主语所承受（即与逻辑主语是被动关 系)。 三、现在分词作表语 The story is interesting,故事有趣。 四、现在分词作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set, keep,find,have,get等词。 I saw him walking in the street。.我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室 里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了

三、现在分词作表语 The story is interesting .故事有趣。 四、现在分词作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street。 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室 里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。 Having been given such a good chance, he planned to work hard. （现在分词的完成式的被动式） 现在分词的完成被动式表示分词的动作发生在谓语的行为 之前，且动作由逻辑主语所承受(即与逻辑主语是被动关 系)

过去分词

过 去 分 词

一过去分词作定语 1.单个过去分词作定语，通常前置 a.及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。 l broken cup A cup which is broken A soldier who was wounded a soldier an unexpected guest A guest who is unexpected the exeited crowd The crowd who were excited

一 过去分词作定语 1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置 a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。 a broken cup a wounded soldier an unexpected guest the excited crowd A cup which is broken A soldier who was wounded A guest who is unexpected The crowd who were excited

b,不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。 grown woman A woman who has grown a retired officer An officer who has retired c)有时通过一个名词或数词加另一个名词的过去分词 可以构成生动形象的复合形容词。 a three-legged table a one-eyed general an honest-faced man

c)有时通过一个名词或数词加另一个名词的过去分词 可以构成生动形象的复合形容词。 * a three-legged table * a one-eyed general * an honest-faced man a grown woman a retired officer A woman who has grown An officer who has retired b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义

2.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 a letter written in pencil a letter which was written in pencil the book borrowed by Jack the book which was borrowed by Jack the machines produced last year the machines which were produced last year This object,discovered almost by accident, has changed machine. This object,which was discovered almost by accident,has changed machine

2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 a letter written in pencil the book borrowed by Jack the machines produced last year This object, discovered almost by accident, has changed machine. = a letter which was written in pencil = the book which was borrowed by Jack = the machines which were produced last year = This object, which was discovered almost by accident, has changed machine

过去分词与现在分词的区别： 1语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动 注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动 an inspiring speech the inspired audience 鼓舞人心的演说 受到鼓舞的观众 The falling leaves the fallen leaves 落叶（正往下落的） 落叶（已经落到地面的）

过去分词与现在分词的区别： 1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动 注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动 an inspiring speech the inspired audience 鼓舞人心的演说 受到鼓舞的观众 The falling leaves the fallen leaves 落叶（正往下落的） 落叶（已经落到地面的）