《英语语法与写作》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）定语从句 Attributive Clauses、状语从句 Adverbial Clause

定语从句 Attributive Clauses

定语从句 Attributive Clauses

一、定语从句及相关概念 定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词 介词短语等来担任。 如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 定语从句 定语从句(Attributive//Relative Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一 个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词 )引出。 关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。 关系副词有：when,where,why等

一、定语从句及相关概念 定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、 介词短语等来担任。 如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive/Relative Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一 个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词 ）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当 主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从 句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 先行词和关系代词的种类 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 whom who,that whose (who),that 物 which,that which,that whose,of which 各关系代词的使用方法

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当 主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从 句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 先行词和关系代词的种类 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 who, that whom (who), that whose 物 which, that which, that whose, of which 各关系代词的使用方法

1.who,whom,that 这些词代替先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that7在从句中作宾语) 注意： i.who的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以 代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词，如果带 了介词就必须用宾格的whom(介词+whom) This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics. She is the girl who (whom)I met at the party. (可以替代) She is the girl whom (who)I went there with. (可以替代) She is the girl with whom I went there. (不可替代) i.who,that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who: A.先行词是one,ones,anyone的时候宜用who. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth

1. who, whom, that 这些词代替先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 注意： i. who 的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以 代替在从句中担任宾语的whom, 但是它前边不能有介词，如果带 了介词就必须用宾格的whom（介词+whom） This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics. She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party. （可以替代） She is the girl whom (who) I went there with. （可以替代） She is the girl with whom I went there. （不可替代） ii. who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who: A. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth

The ones who flatter me don't please me. Don't tell anyone about the news who oughtn't to know it. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. B.先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词 Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. C.当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese. D.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词 为that,另一个则用who The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. E.在there be开头的句子中 There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him

The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. B. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词 Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. C. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese. D. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词 为that,另一个则用who. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. E. 在there be 开头的句子中 There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him

2、whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3、which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾 语等，例如： A prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语) The package (which that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which thati在句中作宾语)

2、whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3、which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾 语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系代词that和which的用法比较 关系代词that和which均可指代先行词是事物的名词或代词，此时 两者可互换，但有时that和which的使用场合并不相同。具体介绍 如下： 关系代词that的使用 1.先行词是al,anything,.everything,.nothing等，关系代词应用 that. That's all that I know. 2.先行词前有the only,the same,the very或no,little,much, any, every,all等修饰时，关系代词应用that This is the only reason that I can say. 3.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词常用that The first thing that we should do is to help him. 4.当先行词同时含有"人"或"物"时，关系代词应用that Can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge？

关系代词 that 和which 的用法比较 关系代词that和which均可指代先行词是事物的名词或代词，此时 两者可互换，但有时that和which的使用场合并不相同。具体介绍 如下: 关系代词that的使用 1.先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing等,关系代词应用 that. That's all that I know. 2.先行词前有the only, the same, the very或no, little, much, any, every, all等修饰时,关系代词应用that This is the only reason that I can say. 3.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that The first thing that we should do is to help him. 4.当先行词同时含有"人"或"物"时,关系代词应用that Can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge?

5,在固定结构the same.that.;so.that.;such.that.以及it is/was.that.的强调句型中，须用that This is the same museum that you once visited. 6.如主句以there be开头时，关系代词应用that There is a house that has two windows. 7.当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词which, 后一个关系代词宜用that,避免重复.但两个定语从句的结构如果 平行，应重复同一个关系代词 I'll borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders. He told me to read a book that is very short,and that is very interesting. 8.that还可引导同位语从句，which则不能 He told me the news that they would come to see me

5.在固定结构the same.that.; so.that.; such.that.以及it is/was.that.的强调句型中,须用that This is the same museum that you once visited. 6.如主句以there be开头时,关系代词应用that There is a house that has two windows. 7.当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时,如前一个已用关系代词which, 后一个关系代词宜用that,避免重复.但两个定语从句的结构如果 平行,应重复同一个关系代词 I'll borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders. He told me to read a book that is very short, and that is very interesting. 8. that还可引导同位语从句,which则不能 He told me the news that they would come to see me

关系代词which的使用 1.非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honor. 2.关系代词前如有介词，关系代词须用which.如把介词移至句末，可 用that(或省略) There's only one problem about which they disagree. This is the book(that)she was looking for. 3.如果先行词是that,关系代词应用which I have that which you gave me. 4.如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔，常用which Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book.(先行词为story)

关系代词which的使用 1.非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. 2.关系代词前如有介词,关系代词须用which.如把介词移至句末,可 用that (或省略) There's only one problem about which they disagree. This is the book(that)she was looking for. 3.如果先行词是that,关系代词应用which I have that which you gave me. 4.如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔,常用which Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book. (先行词为story)

5.在those+复数形式的名词”结构中，其后的关系代词多用 which. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 6.一个句子中如有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句用了关系代词 that,第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which,但在平行结构中，应 重复同一个关系代词. This is the book that you bought which you have lost. I have a house which is located on the hillside,which faces the south

5.在“those+复数形式的名词”结构中,其后的关系代词多用 which. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 6.一个句子中如有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句用了关系代词 that，第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which，但在平行结构中,应 重复同一个关系代词. This is the book that you bought which you have lost. I have a house which is located on the hillside, which faces the south