《英语语法与写作》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）动词时态 Verb Tenses（1/2）

动词时态（一） Verb Tenses

动词时态（一） Verb Tenses

动词时态概说 英语的时态是一种用来表示不同时间中动作发生的动词形式。不 同的时态用以表示不同的时间和方面。 从时间上看，动词时态有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分。从 方面上看，动词时态又有一般、进行、完成、完成进行之分。 方时 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 面间 一般 I work. I worked. shall work. I shall work. 进行 I am working I was working. I shall be I should be working. working. 完成 I have worked.I had worked. I shall have I should worked. have worked. 完成进行 I have been I had been I shall have I should working. working. been working. have been working

动词时态概说 英语的时态是一种用来表示不同时间中动作发生的动词形式。不 同的时态用以表示不同的时间和方面。 从时间上看，动词时态有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分。从 方面上看，动词时态又有一般、进行、完成、完成进行之分。 方 时 面 间 现 在 过 去 将 来 过去将来 一般 I work. I worked. I shall work. I shall work. 进行 I am working I was working. I shall be working. I should be working. 完成 I have worked. I had worked. I shall have worked. I should have worked. 完成进行 I have been working. I had been working. I shall have been working. I should have been working

一、一般现在时态 1.一般用法 1)表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作，e.g. 1 He often goes to the cinema. 2My sister wears glasses. 3I go to the school every day. 2)表示现在或经常性的情况或状态，e.g. ①Mother is ill. 2He likes living in the country. 3)表示现在的能力、特征、职业等，e.g. ①He sings well.(能力)

一、一般现在时态 1.一般用法: 1〕表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. ① He often goes to the cinema. ② My sister wears glasses. ③ I go to the school every day. 2〕表示现在或经常性的情况或状态, e.g. ①Mother is ill. ②He likes living in the country. 3〕表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. ①He sings well.（能力）

②My father gets up early.(习惯) ③Miss Dorthy teaches English.(职业) ④This machine runs smoothly.(特征) 4)表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限 制的客观存在的事实，e.g. ①Summer follows spring.(客观规律) ②The earth runs around the sun.(客观规律) ③Fire burns.(客观事实) ④Knowledge is power.(客观真理) 2.特别用法： )主句是将来时态或表示将来意义，时间状语从句和 条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来，eg. 1I'll write to her when I have time. 2If we hurry up,we can catch the bus

② My father gets up early. （习惯） ③Miss Dorthy teaches English. （职业） ④This machine runs smoothly. （特征） 4〕表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间限 制的客观存在的事实 , e.g. ①Summer follows spring. （客观规律） ②The earth runs around the sun. （客观规律） ③Fire burns. （客观事实） ④Knowledge is power. （客观真理） 2.特别用法: 1〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和 条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①I’ll write to her when I have time. ②If we hurry up, we can catch the bus

3Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 2)主句是将来时态或表示将来意义，让步状语从句和 方式状语从句须用一般现在时表将来，e.g. 1Whatever you say,I won't pay. 2Whether you help him or not,he will fail. 3Next time I'll do as he says. 3)用于“the十比较级.，the+比较级.”中，前一 个用一般现在时表将来，后一个用一般现在时表将 来或一般将来时，e.g. The more you eat,the fatter you (will) become. 4)当主句为将来时，定语从句用一般现在时表将 来，e.g. 1I'll give you anything you ask for. 2 He'll give anyone $5,000 who help him with his Russian

③Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 2〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,让步状语从句和 方式状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①Whatever you say, I won’t pay. ②Whether you help him or not, he will fail. ③Next time I’ll do as he says. 3〕用于“the＋比较级.,the＋比较级.”中,前一 个用一般现在时表将来,后一个用一般现在时表将 来或一般将来时,e.g. The more you eat, the fatter you （will） become. 4〕当主句为将来时,定语从句用一般现在时表将 来,e.g. ① I’ll give you anything you ask for. ② He’ll give anyone ＄5，000 who help him with his Russian

5)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作， 用一般现在时表将来，eg. DAre you on duty next weekend? 2The train leaves at 12:00. 6)在make sure(弄清楚)，make certain(弄清 楚)，mind(注意)，watch(注意)，take care (注意，当心)be careful（注意，当心)等后的 that从句中用一般现在时表将来，e.g. 1We must take care that no one sees us. 2Make sure you lock the door before you leave. 3Be careful that you don't hurt her feelings. 4Watch that the baby doesn't go near the heater. 7)it doesn't matter,I don't care,I don't mind 等结构后以及类似结构后的名词性从句用一般现 在时表将来，e.g

5〕表示按规定、时间表 、计划或安排要发生的动作, 用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①Are you on duty next weekend? ②The train leaves at 12:00. 6〕在make sure （弄清楚）,make certain （弄清 楚） ,mind （注意）,watch （注意）,take care （注意,当心） be careful （注意,当心）等后的 that从句中用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①We must take care that no one sees us. ②Make sure you lock the door before you leave. ③Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. ④Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 7〕在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind 等结构后以及类似结构后的名词性从句用一般现 在时表将来,e.g

1It doesn't matter where we go on holiday. 2Does it matter who goes first? 3I don't care whether we win or lose. 8)主句是将来完成时态，从句有by the time所 引导的从句用一般现在时表将来（主句是过去 完成时态，从句有by the time所引导的从句用 一般过去时)，eg By the time he comes,I'll have left.By the time he came,I had left

①It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday. ②Does it matter who goes first? ③I don’t care whether we win or lose. 8〕主句是将来完成时态,从句有by the time 所 引导的从句用一般现在时表将来（主句是过去 完成时态,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用 一般过去时）,e.g. By the time he comes, I’ll have left. （ By the time he came, I had left. ）

二、一般过去时态 1.基本用法： 1)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，e.g. We often played together when we were children. 注：表示过去习惯性的动作，可用would,used to, e.g.He used to work by bus. 2)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态： 1He bought the computer five years ago. 2It was then a small fishing village

二、一般过去时态 1.基本用法: 1〕表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were children. 注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would, used to, e.g.He used to work by bus. 2〕表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态: ①He bought the computer five years ago. ②It was then a small fishing village

2.特别用法： 1)表客气或委婉的现在： 1I wondered if you were free this evening. 2I thought you might like some flowers. (注：过去进行时也可表示现在使语气更委婉、客气，g. ①I was wondering if you could give me a lift.②We were hoping you would stay with us.能这样用的动 词主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少数 动词。) 2)一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在，这些结构 主要是it's time.,I wish.,would rather.,if only., asif.,as though.等：

2.特别用法: 1〕表客气或委婉的现在: ①I wondered if you were free this evening. ②I thought you might like some flowers. （注:过去进行时也可表示现在使语气更委婉、客气,eg. ① I was wondering if you could give me a lift. ②We were hoping you would stay with us.能这样用的动 词主要限于want, wonder , think, hope, intend等少数 动词。） 2 〕一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在,这些结构 主要是it’s time.,I wish., I would rather.,if only., as if., as though.等:

①lt's time we started. ②I wish I knew his name. 3I'd rather you lived with us. 注：would rather等还可用一般过去时表将来.e.g. I would rather you came next Monday

①It’s time we started. ②I wish I knew his name. ③I’d rather you lived with us. 注:would rather等还可用一般过去时表将来.e.g. I would rather you came next Monday