《系统工程》课程教学资源（英文文献）Intelligent transportation systems for smart cities a progress review

Intelligent transportation systems for smart cities: aprogress reviewGuide Words: Intelligent transportation systems, traffic information, smart cityAbstract:To better meet the challenge of providing effective, low-cost, energy efficient transportservices, the concept of intelligent transport systems (ITs) has been proposed and lauded as aninnovative and promising solution for next generation transport networks. In this paper, the progressof ITS research around the world is briefly reviewed and current challenges are outlined, therebyoffering further insight into ITS development for all researchers in this area.L.INTRODUCTIONIntelligent transportation systems (ITS) are an important symbol of smart cities. Right now,traffic jams are a serious social problem, and traditional road construction is restricted by the land andcapital. Thus, ITS are needed urgently to improve road network capacity. In China, the averagevehiclespeedhasbeenreducedto20km/h,evendowntobetween7and8km/honesomeroadsections. Such low vehicle speeds, and increased traffic increase exhaust emissions, and the air qualitydeteriorates further. In order to alleviate pressure on the aging transportation networks and make fulluse of existing resources, the government is pouring its efforts into more research and construction.Based on a better transportation infrastructure and advanced IT technology, the relationshipbetween vehicles, road networks, and people can be strengthened, thereby improving order andcontrol of the transportation system by making the traffic management system more efficient,convenient, safe, and intelligent.I.RELATIONWORKDue to its advances, ITS related solutions have been widely studied all over the world. USA,Europe, and Japan are all pioneers in ITS techniques, tools, and applications. The most outstandingrepresentative projects include Connected Vehicle Research (CVR) in USA, safety in Europe, andSmart way in Japan.ITS began in the US with the electronic route guidance system (ERGS), which is a result ofresearch by the Bureau of Public Roads of the US Department of Transportation and can be datedback to 1967. Since then, many ITS related projects have been conducted. Beginning in August1997,DEMO'97 was a proof-of-technical-feasibility demonstration. Also in 1997, the IntelligentVehicle Initiative (IVI) was launched by the US Department of Transportation to accelerate integratedin vehicle systems. Subsequently, the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VIl) project was proposed to

Intelligent transportation systems for smart cities: a progress review Guide Words：Intelligent transportation systems, traffic information, smart city Abstract：To better meet the challenge of providing effective, low-cost, energy efficient transport services, the concept of intelligent transport systems (ITS) has been proposed and lauded as an innovative and promising solution for next generation transport networks. In this paper, the progress of ITS research around the world is briefly reviewed and current challenges are outlined, thereby offering further insight into ITS development for all researchers in this area. I. INTRODUCTION Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are an important symbol of smart cities. Right now, traffic jams are a serious social problem, and traditional road construction is restricted by the land and capital. Thus, ITS are needed urgently to improve road network capacity. In China, the average vehicle speed has been reduced to 20 km/h, even down to between 7 and 8 km/hone some road sections. Such low vehicle speeds, and increased traffic increase exhaust emissions, and the air quality deteriorates further. In order to alleviate pressure on the aging transportation networks and make full use of existing resources, the government is pouring its efforts into more research and construction. Based on a better transportation infrastructure and advanced IT technology, the relationship between vehicles, road networks, and people can be strengthened, thereby improving order and control of the transportation system by making the traffic management system more efficient, convenient, safe, and intelligent. II. RELATION WORK Due to its advances, ITS related solutions have been widely studied all over the world. USA, Europe, and Japan are all pioneers in ITS techniques, tools, and applications. The most outstanding representative projects include Connected Vehicle Research (CVR) in USA, safety in Europe, and Smart way in Japan. ITS began in the US with the electronic route guidance system (ERGS) , which is a result of research by the Bureau of Public Roads of the US Department of Transportation and can be dated back to 1967. Since then, many ITS related projects have been conducted. Beginning in August 1997,DEMO’97 was a proof-of-technical-feasibility demonstration. Also in 1997, the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) was launched by the US Department of Transportation to accelerate integrated in vehicle systems. Subsequently, the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) project was proposed to

provide communication channels between vehicles in the road and their physical surroundings toimprove safety.Similarly,Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation Systems (CVHAS)is anotherproject supported by the Us federal pooled fund program trying to improve the safety, mobility, andother essential concerns. The most recent US ITS project is CVR (formerly IntelliDrive). Its majorfocuses on connectedvehicletechnologyandconnected vehicleapplications.Europe began to develop ITS in the early 1970s and significant progress has been made in RoadTransport Informatics (RTI). Since then, many programs have been deployed to accelerate ITSdevelopment.For example, Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle Safety in Europe (DRIVE), theEU's first telematics research and development program consisting of 72 individual projects, wasbegun in1989. In 1991, the EU launched its European Road Transport Telematics ImplementationCoordination Organization (ERTICO) to promote ITS development. Safety is a representativeprogram under ERTICO that aims to provide vehicle-based intelligent safety systems to improve roadsafety. Also beginning in the 1970s, Japan applied considerable resources in the research of IT'S tobuild safe, eco-friendly,transport systems.A large investment has been made in nationwide projectsover the past few years. In 1998, and ITS application named Vehicle Information and CommunicationSystem(VICS) was deployed to collect traffic information and deliver it to drivers via infrared,microwave,andFMradio.In theearly2lstcentury,Japan startedanational program calledSmartway to promote Japan's ITS development. This program makes better use of cutting-edge technologiesto build cooperative transport system in which traffic information is handled by onboard sensors andsent to drivers directly after analysis. To keep up with the advances in the world of ITS technology, inthe 1980s China launched ITS projects as a response to the development in the US, Europe, and JapanIn 2008, China also set up its own ITS society: the China Intelligent Transportation SystemAssociation.Ithasattractedmajornational fundingbodiestosupportITSresearchand manyrelatedtechnologies have been delivered and employed to support major events including the 2008 BeijingOlympic Games and the 2010 World Expo,Shanghai.IIL.KEYTECHNOLOGYOFINTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATIONThe architecture of ITS can be divided into three parts: perception and convergence of trafficinformation, application support of transportation information, and urban transportation management.The basic data of ITs involves all the elements of the transport system, i.e., vehicles, roads, andpeople.The vehicle information mainly pertains to the monitoring and perception of vehicle operatingconditions, including the movement state of the vehicle and its other status attributes. The movementstate of the vehicle includes the vehicle location, speed, direction, acceleration, throttle, and brakeThe status attributes of the vehicle include the vehicle type, color, number of operators and/orpassengers, and vehicle maintenance status. Bar et al. proposed an anticipatory energy saving assistant(ANESA), in which driving style is analyzed. By examining the vehicle speed, acceleration, throttleand brake use, alongside other data, driving tips can be provided to the driver to improve energy

provide communication channels between vehicles in the road and their physical surroundings to improve safety. Similarly, Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation Systems (CVHAS) is another project supported by the US federal pooled fund program trying to improve the safety, mobility, and other essential concerns. The most recent US ITS project is CVR (formerly IntelliDrive). Its major focuses on connected vehicle technology and connected vehicle applications. Europe began to develop ITS in the early 1970s and significant progress has been made in Road Transport Informatics (RTI). Since then, many programs have been deployed to accelerate ITS development. For example, Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle Safety in Europe (DRIVE), the EU’s first telematics research and development program consisting of 72 individual projects, was begun in1989. In 1991, the EU launched its European Road Transport Telematics Implementation Coordination Organization (ERTICO) to promote ITS development. Safety is a representative program under ERTICO that aims to provide vehicle-based intelligent safety systems to improve road safety. Also beginning in the 1970s, Japan applied considerable resources in the research of IT’S to build safe, eco-friendly, transport systems. A large investment has been made in nationwide projects over the past few years. In 1998, and ITS application named Vehicle Information and Communication System(VICS) was deployed to collect traffic information and deliver it to drivers via infrared, microwave, and FM radio. In the early 21st century, Japan started a national program called Smart way to promote Japan’s ITS development. This program makes better use of cutting-edge technologies to build cooperative transport system in which traffic information is handled by onboard sensors and sent to drivers directly after analysis. To keep up with the advances in the world of ITS technology, in the 1980s China launched ITS projects as a response to the development in the US, Europe, and Japan. In 2008, China also set up its own ITS society: the China Intelligent Transportation System Association. It has attracted major national funding bodies to support ITS research and many related technologies have been delivered and employed to support major events including the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2010 World Expo,Shanghai. III. KEY TECHNOLOGY OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION The architecture of ITS can be divided into three parts: perception and convergence of traffic information, application support of transportation information, and urban transportation management. The basic data of ITS involves all the elements of the transport system, i.e., vehicles, roads, and people. The vehicle information mainly pertains to the monitoring and perception of vehicle operating conditions, including the movement state of the vehicle and its other status attributes. The movement state of the vehicle includes the vehicle location, speed, direction, acceleration, throttle, and brake. The status attributes of the vehicle include the vehicle type, color, number of operators and/or passengers, and vehicle maintenance status. Bar et al. proposed an anticipatory energy saving assistant (ANESA), in which driving style is analyzed. By examining the vehicle speed, acceleration, throttle and brake use, alongside other data, driving tips can be provided to the driver to improve energy

efficiency.However,intheacquisitionprocessofvehiclepositionandmotioninformation,thesinglecharacteristic informationisnot enough to deal withcomplicated environments,thereforemaking itdifficulttoobtainmorecompletevehicle information.The current state of a vehicle can be perceived via the cooperation of multiple integrated sensors,such as mapping the environment and locating the vehicle concurrently via GPS and a stereoscopicsystem, using a binocular vision method to build the 3D model, using IMU to provide orientation andvelocity, and using laser range finders to perform mapping in large-scale environments.The collection techniques of road information include the weather and road probing,vehicletraffic sensing and electronic charges, among which the vehicle traffic sensing is the most important.Vehicle traffic sensing can be divided into fixed and mobile acquisition of raw data from all kinds ofsensors. Fixed acquisition technology is further divided into contact and non-contact approaches. Thecontact traffic detection technology uses toroid sensors, geomagnetic vehicle detection (GVD), airpressure tubes and piezoelectric detection technologies.Non-contact traffic detection technologyincludes microwave,video, infrared, and ultrasonic detection technologies. In mobile collectiontechnologies, the sensing device is installed on the vehicle, through which real-time road trafficinformation is acquired by the vehicle driving. Fortin ET al.present a feature extraction method inscanning laser range data, specifically applied to vehicle detection. Chavez-Aragon et al. propose ahigh-precision method for the visual detection of up to fourteen regions of interest on the outer surfaceof vehicles in outdoor environments, such as bumpers, handles, windows, wheels, lateral mirror,windshield, center, roof, head light, and rear lamp. People involved in ITS are the drivers, passengers,pedestrians, and the users of equipment which can represent a person, such as mobile phones andhandheld navigation terminals. Analysis and prediction of driver behavior is a research hotspot fortransportation security. By analyzing the historical data of a driver, driver-assistance systems can giveprompts based on the current driving situation [24].Understanding the movement of pedestrians is an important part of transportation planning andmanagement. Its main methods are as follows: wavelet-based Adobos cascade, HOG/lines, NN/LRFand combined shape-texture detection.The convergence of traffic information depends on the communication technologies of ITS. It canbe divided into wired and wireless communication technology.For wireless communicationtechnology, this includes FM radio, satellite, and cellular, and short range communication. Opticalfiber communication has been widely used in trunk communication, which is used to constructthebackbone of wide area networks (WAN) and high end local area networks (LAN) for highways orurban roads. Currently, it is mainly used for dynamic weighing (WIM), safety testing, highway tollsandtrafficflowmonitoring.FM radio communication techniques include radio broadcast,radio data system (RDS), anddigital audio broadcasting (DAB), and digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB), of which RDS has the

efficiency. However, in the acquisition process of vehicle position and motion information, the single characteristic information is not enough to deal with complicated environments, therefore making it difficult to obtain more complete vehicle information. The current state of a vehicle can be perceived via the cooperation of multiple integrated sensors, such as mapping the environment and locating the vehicle concurrently via GPS and a stereoscopic system, using a binocular vision method to build the 3D model, using IMU to provide orientation and velocity, and using laser range finders to perform mapping in large-scale environments. The collection techniques of road information include the weather and road probing, vehicle traffic sensing and electronic charges, among which the vehicle traffic sensing is the most important. Vehicle traffic sensing can be divided into fixed and mobile acquisition of raw data from all kinds of sensors. Fixed acquisition technology is further divided into contact and non-contact approaches. The contact traffic detection technology uses toroid sensors, geomagnetic vehicle detection (GVD), air pressure tubes and piezoelectric detection technologies. Non-contact traffic detection technology includes microwave, video, infrared, and ultrasonic detection technologies. In mobile collection technologies, the sensing device is installed on the vehicle, through which real-time road traffic information is acquired by the vehicle driving. Fortin ET al.present a feature extraction method in scanning laser range data, specifically applied to vehicle detection. Chavez-Aragon et al. propose a high-precision method for the visual detection of up to fourteen regions of interest on the outer surface of vehicles in outdoor environments, such as bumpers, handles, windows, wheels, lateral mirror, windshield, center, roof, head light, and rear lamp. People involved in ITS are the drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and the users of equipment which can represent a person, such as mobile phones and handheld navigation terminals. Analysis and prediction of driver behavior is a research hotspot for transportation security. By analyzing the historical data of a driver, driver-assistance systems can give prompts based on the current driving situation [24]. Understanding the movement of pedestrians is an important part of transportation planning and management. Its main methods are as follows: wavelet-based Adobos cascade, HOG/lines, NN/LRF, and combined shape-texture detection. The convergence of traffic information depends on the communication technologies of ITS. It can be divided into wired and wireless communication technology. For wireless communication technology, this includes FM radio, satellite, and cellular, and short range communication. Optical fiber communication has been widely used in trunk communication, which is used to construct the backbone of wide area networks (WAN) and high end local area networks (LAN) for highways or urban roads. Currently, it is mainly used for dynamic weighing (WIM), safety testing, highway tolls, and traffic flow monitoring. FM radio communication techniques include radio broadcast, radio data system (RDS), and digital audio broadcasting (DAB), and digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB), of which RDS has the

highest application.Satellitecommunication technology is widely used in dynamic location-basedtraffic monitoring, scheduling, and navigation for example China's Bijou navigation system whichsolelyusessatellitecommunication.The most common cellular communication technologies include GSM, GPRS, and 3G, They havebeen proven effective and widely used in ITs related applications. Short-range wireless accesstechnologies mainly include the following standards, IEEE 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, and 802.20. Therange of a Wi-Fi antenna can reach up to 100 m (802.11p, DSRC). In ITS, Wi-Fi is mainly used forvehicle sensor networks (VSN), and Wi-Fi access points are often used at the roadside and may gathervehicle data by RFID.Ad hoc networks have been introduced into mobile vehicle networks, andvehicular mobile ad hoc networks (VANET) [30] have been constructed.VANETs provide high-speeddata access networks for the high-speed vehicles [31]. As VANETs play a very important role in safedriving, accounting management, traffic management, data communications, and vehicle infotainment,recently, much work has been done in this field, including routing protocols, transmission controlprotocols, and applied research. ZigBee network technology is commonly used for traffic sensornetworks andtrafficsignal control system.Bluetoothtechnologyisakind ofradiotechnology forshort-distance communication, which can be applied to intelligent transportation systems, parkingguidancemanagementsystems, cartelephones,etc.Understanding traffic behavior can be considered to be a time-varying data classification problem,which matches test sequences and pre-calibrated reference sequences of typical behavior. Currently,commonly used behavior understanding methods are template match, probability statistics, dynamictime warping, hidden Markov model, and artificial neural networks. Aiming at requiring fewer trafficbehavior training samples, Sheng et al. and Hai et al. design a semi supervised anomaly detectionmethod for vehicle behavior by introducing a mixture of Gaussian hidden Markov model (MGHMM).Urban traffic management and control systems administers and controls traffic flows via thetraffic management and control scheme, which includes traffic surveillance, traffic control, publictraffic management, emergency management, and optimization of the control of the transportationorganization.Thetrafficmonitoringsystemisgenerallycomposedofthetrafficinformationcollectionsystem and electronic police system, which is used for the dynamic traffic information collection,traffic violation detection, traffic signal control, etc.The traffic control system is heavily integratedwith traffic signal control and urban traffic guidance technology.The urban traffic flow guidancesystem (UTFGS) is composed of a vehicle guidance system, a data fusion and processing platformsystem, and an information distribution system for traffic guidance.The optimization of traffic organization can be divided into static and dynamic parts. The staticpart is resource management, and the dynamic part is object management. Static traffic organizationmainly solves the resource allocation, which are the capacity distribution and right-of-way distributionat different levels. Dynamic traffic organization mainly solves traffic assignment and traffic dispersion

highest application. Satellite communication technology is widely used in dynamic location-based traffic monitoring, scheduling, and navigation for example China’s Bijou navigation system which solely uses satellite communication. The most common cellular communication technologies include GSM, GPRS, and 3G, They have been proven effective and widely used in ITS related applications. Short-range wireless access technologies mainly include the following standards, IEEE 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, and 802.20. The range of a Wi-Fi antenna can reach up to 100 m (802.11p, DSRC). In ITS, Wi-Fi is mainly used for vehicle sensor networks (VSN), and Wi-Fi access points are often used at the roadside and may gather vehicle data by RFID. Ad hoc networks have been introduced into mobile vehicle networks, and vehicular mobile ad hoc networks (VANET) [30] have been constructed. VANETs provide high-speed data access networks for the high-speed vehicles [31]. As VANETs play a very important role in safe driving, accounting management, traffic management, data communications, and vehicle infotainment, recently, much work has been done in this field, including routing protocols, transmission control protocols, and applied research. ZigBee network technology is commonly used for traffic sensor networks and traffic signal control system. Bluetooth technology is a kind of radio technology for short-distance communication, which can be applied to intelligent transportation systems, parking guidance management systems, car telephones, etc. Understanding traffic behavior can be considered to be a time-varying data classification problem, which matches test sequences and pre-calibrated reference sequences of typical behavior. Currently, commonly used behavior understanding methods are template match, probability statistics, dynamic time warping, hidden Markov model, and artificial neural networks. Aiming at requiring fewer traffic behavior training samples, Sheng et al. and Hai et al. design a semi supervised anomaly detection method for vehicle behavior by introducing a mixture of Gaussian hidden Markov model (MGHMM). Urban traffic management and control systems administers and controls traffic flows via the traffic management and control scheme, which includes traffic surveillance, traffic control, public traffic management, emergency management, and optimization of the control of the transportation organization. The traffic monitoring system is generally composed of the traffic information collection system and electronic police system, which is used for the dynamic traffic information collection, traffic violation detection, traffic signal control, etc. The traffic control system is heavily integrated with traffic signal control and urban traffic guidance technology. The urban traffic flow guidance system (UTFGS) is composed of a vehicle guidance system, a data fusion and processing platform system, and an information distribution system for traffic guidance. The optimization of traffic organization can be divided into static and dynamic parts. The static part is resource management, and the dynamic part is object management. Static traffic organization mainly solves the resource allocation, which are the capacity distribution and right-of-way distribution at different levels. Dynamic traffic organization mainly solves traffic assignment and traffic dispersion

so as to maximize the effectiveness of the road network. In order to ease the traffic congestion, thetraffic organization strategyischanged withtrafficdemands,includingtheinfluences of publictransitpriorities polices, carpooling encouragement, limiting of cars in the city center, and different travelperiods.IV.OUTLOOKOFURBANINTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATIONINCHINA“Smart City", National Highway Traffic Safety science and technology plan of action and theMinistry of Transport will introduce intelligent transport planning. This will contribute to the furtherdevelopment of ITS in China and its focus is mainly reflected in: 1) active vehicle safety andintelligent vehicles, 2) vehicle road network synergy, 3) integrated traffic management and emergencysystems.The key technologies of ITS-based active vehicle safety and intelligent vehicles are mainlydriving by perception of the environment, intelligent control, and active collision avoidancePerception of the driving environment is the identification of driving conditions and locations, lanes,traffic lights [50], vehicles and pedestrians, etc. Intelligent control technology is used to achievesecurity warnings, auxiliary driving, active collision avoidance, etc. Active collision avoidancetechnology is used to perform real-time vehicle monitoring and the identification of dangerous drivingconditions, which will provide safety information for the driver. If necessary, it can take measures tocontrol the vehicles so as to proactively avoid the danger.The vehicle-road network synergy is an intelligent coordination and cooperation between vehiclesand theinfrastructure involving the interaction and sharing of information from vehicle-vehicle andvehicle-road, in which the vehicle-road network information is acquired by the wirelesscommunication and detection technology. The goal is the optimum usage of system resources, theimprovement of road traffic safety, and the easing of traffic congestion. The vehicle-road networksynergy is an integration and enhancement of traditional intelligent transportation technology. Thesuccessful implementation of vehicle-road network synergy will bring about a revolutionary change intransportation safety, simplify other intelligent technologies, such as information acquisition of trafficsignals, image acquisition of blind spots, advanced emergency aid systems, auxiliary drivinginformation services and vehicle safety assistants, and adaptive speed control, and make them moreaccurate.Making full use of new intelligent network sensors and information network technologies, asystem of situational awareness and dynamic supervision for the national highway trafficinfrastructure will be constructed. Through the establishment of sensor networks for the nationalhighway traffic infrastructure,the national highway network can be visualized, controlled andmeasured.Through analyzingtherunning state oftheroad network,important national and provincialtrunk roads can be realized. For the key facilities, such as the large bridges, tunnels, hubs, and key

so as to maximize the effectiveness of the road network. In order to ease the traffic congestion, the traffic organization strategy is changed with traffic demands, including the influences of public transit priorities polices, carpooling encouragement, limiting of cars in the city center, and different travel periods. IV. OUTLOOK OF URBAN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION IN CHINA “Smart City”, National Highway Traffic Safety science and technology plan of action and the Ministry of Transport will introduce intelligent transport planning. This will contribute to the further development of ITS in China and its focus is mainly reflected in: 1) active vehicle safety and intelligent vehicles, 2) vehicle road network synergy, 3) integrated traffic management and emergency systems. The key technologies of ITS-based active vehicle safety and intelligent vehicles are mainly driving by perception of the environment, intelligent control, and active collision avoidance. Perception of the driving environment is the identification of driving conditions and locations, lanes, traffic lights [50], vehicles and pedestrians, etc. Intelligent control technology is used to achieve security warnings, auxiliary driving, active collision avoidance, etc. Active collision avoidance technology is used to perform real-time vehicle monitoring and the identification of dangerous driving conditions, which will provide safety information for the driver. If necessary, it can take measures to control the vehicles so as to proactively avoid the danger. The vehicle-road network synergy is an intelligent coordination and cooperation between vehicles and the infrastructure involving the interaction and sharing of information from vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-road, in which the vehicle-road network information is acquired by the wireless communication and detection technology. The goal is the optimum usage of system resources, the improvement of road traffic safety, and the easing of traffic congestion. The vehicle-road network synergy is an integration and enhancement of traditional intelligent transportation technology. The successful implementation of vehicle-road network synergy will bring about a revolutionary change in transportation safety, simplify other intelligent technologies, such as information acquisition of traffic signals, image acquisition of blind spots, advanced emergency aid systems, auxiliary driving information services and vehicle safety assistants, and adaptive speed control, and make them more accurate. Making full use of new intelligent network sensors and information network technologies, a system of situational awareness and dynamic supervision for the national highway traffic infrastructure will be constructed. Through the establishment of sensor networks for the national highway traffic infrastructure, the national highway network can be visualized, controlled and measured. Through analyzing the running state of the road network, important national and provincial trunk roads can be realized. For the key facilities, such as the large bridges, tunnels, hubs, and key

sections, situational awareness and real-time supervision are implemented, and which will provide aneffective meansfor the compatible operation of the road network.If accidents or emergencies happenthesystem canmakedynamicdispatchesoftherequired servicesV.CONCLUSIONThe world economy and daily life are becoming more and more dependent on efficient safetransport systems. As such new efforts are called for in the development of sophisticated technologiesand equipment to make our transport systems more intelligent and eco-friendly, ITS proves to be apromising solution to achieving this target. Its applications have greatly boosted the development ofnew techniques and accordingly improved all sectors involved in this industry. This paper brieflyreviews the history of IT'S and tries to explore its future applications, development, and potentialbenefits.Webelieve that there are many points deservingfurther study.We hopethis work is abletooffersome insight into ITS

sections, situational awareness and real-time supervision are implemented, and which will provide an effective means for the compatible operation of the road network. If accidents or emergencies happen, the system can make dynamic dispatches of the required services. V. CONCLUSION The world economy and daily life are becoming more and more dependent on efficient safe transport systems. As such new efforts are called for in the development of sophisticated technologies and equipment to make our transport systems more intelligent and eco-friendly, ITS proves to be a promising solution to achieving this target. Its applications have greatly boosted the development of new techniques and accordingly improved all sectors involved in this industry. This paper briefly reviews the history of IT’S and tries to explore its future applications, development, and potential benefits. We believe that there are many points deserving further study. We hope this work is able to offer some insight into ITS