《系统工程》课程教学资源（英文文献）Green logistics and Sustainable development

Greenlogistics andSustainabledevelopmentGuide Words: Sustainable Development; Green Logistics; Green transportation; Green PackageAbstract: Green logistics, has been an important part sustainable development of today's economyBased on the ecological environment and sustainable development. To fully implement green logistics,governments, enterprises and consumers should take joint action, developing green logistics,economizing logistics resources, reducing logistics cost and decreasing pollution during the process oflogistics are the dominate strategies to achieve triple win effects for governments , society andenterprises.I.INTRODUCTIONWith the development of economic, many problems such as high environment cost, worse livingenvironment and resources over consumption have become more and more serious, As the tie betweenmanufacture and consumption, logistics plays a prominent role on national economy, but its impact onenvironment and energy consumption cannot be ignored. To develop modern logistics, environmentproblems should be given priority to consider and improve logistics system from the environmentperspective that is to form an environment logistics management commensal system.This kind of system is based on the global environment maintenance and sustainable development,and changes the original one-way effect relationships between development and logisticsconsumption and logistics, restraining environment damage while forming one logistics system whichcan promote healthy development of economy and consumption-change to green logistics.Therefore, green logistics emphasizes a holistic environmental awareness of reflects the concept ofintergrowth with environment and sustainable development. which is a new trend for logisticsmanagement.IIL.GREENLOGISTICS'CONNOTATIONGreen logistics means restricting damage to environment during the process of logistics, purifyinglogistics environment. It can make best use of logistics resources.This kind of system is based on theglobal environment maintenance and sustainable development, and changes the original one-wayeffect relationships between development and logistics, consumption and logistics.Restraining damage to environment to form one logistics system which can promote healthydevelopment of economyand consumption.Green Logistics Connotation includes:(1)Green logistics'end goal is sustainabledevelopment;

Green logistics and Sustainable development Guide Words：Sustainable Development; Green Logistics; Green transportation; Green Package Abstract：Green logistics, has been an important part sustainable development of today's economy, Based on the ecological environment and sustainable development. To fully implement green logistics, governments, enterprises and consumers should take joint action, developing green logistics, economizing logistics resources, reducing logistics cost and decreasing pollution during the process of logistics are the dominate strategies to achieve triple win effects for governments , society and enterprises. I. INTRODUCTION With the development of economic, many problems such as high environment cost, worse living environment and resources over consumption have become more and more serious. As the tie between manufacture and consumption, logistics plays a prominent role on national economy, but its impact on environment and energy consumption cannot be ignored. To develop modern logistics, environment problems should be given priority to consider and improve logistics system from the environment perspective that is to form an environment logistics management commensal system. This kind of system is based on the global environment maintenance and sustainable development, and changes the original one-way effect relationships between development and logistics, consumption and logistics, restraining environment damage while forming one logistics system which can promote healthy development of economy and consumption——change to green logistics. Therefore, green logistics emphasizes a holistic environmental awareness of reflects the concept of intergrowth with environment and sustainable development. which is a new trend for logistics management. II. GREEN LOGISTICS’ CONNOTATION Green logistics means restricting damage to environment during the process of logistics, purifying logistics environment. It can make best use of logistics resources. This kind of system is based on the global environment maintenance and sustainable development, and changes the original one-way effect relationships between development and logistics, consumption and logistics. Restraining damage to environment to form one logistics system which can promote healthy development of economy and consumption. Green Logistics’ Connotation includes: (1) Green logistics’ end goal is sustainable development;

(2)Greenlogistics'sphereofactivitycoversproductlifecycle(3)The behavior subject of green logistics includes the public, government and all the members insupplychainGreen logistics' function elements mainly contain green packaging, green transportation, andgreen distribution processing and green storage.III.BASICPRINCIPLESFOR SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTA.FairnessSustainable Development emphasize that the main objectives of development is to meet humanneeds and desires. Fairness reflects in the equality of choice. That is, ensure one part of peoplesdevelopment does not come at others expense and today's progress does not come at tomorrow'sexpense.B. SustainabilityNatural resources and environment is the material base of the human beings' living anddevelopment. The prime condition for human sustainable development is sustainable natural resourcessupply and persistent environmental pollution capacity. Once the base is destroyed, human survivalwill under threat,let alone development.So human must realizeand correctly treat the limitedcapacity for natural resources supply and environment accommodation pollution. We must re-examinethe relationship between human and nature; radically adjust our production and way of life, protectand improve ecological environment; particularly important, we must correctly deal with relationshipbetweencurrentneedsandlong-termneeds,currentinterestsandlong-term,maketheman's socialand economic development on the solid foundation of sustainable development.Sustainability requires human economy and society development not to surpass the limitedcapacity for natural resources supply and ecological environment. Human should fully considernatural resources consumption rate's critical nature; resources consumption should not harmatmosphere, water, soil, biotechnology and other forms of natural systems.Human should stick to this principle, not only restrain our behaviors on resource-wasting andenvironmental pollution,but also protect and increase construction of resource base,recoverenvironmental quality.Sustainability principle emphasizes dynamic equilibrium among the population,resources, environmentand development inC.CommonDifferent countries and regions have different history, cultural and economic development level,correspondingly sustainable development's specific objectives, policies and measures are also slightlydifferent .But as the all human's general development objective , sustainable development reflectscommon principle about fairness and sustainability, in order to reach objective, we must take globaljoint action

(2) Green logistics’ sphere of activity covers product lifecycle; (3)The behavior subject of green logistics includes the public, government and all the members in supply chain. Green logistics’ function elements mainly contain green packaging, green transportation, and green distribution processing and green storage. III. BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT A. Fairness Sustainable Development emphasize that the main objectives of development is to meet human needs and desires. Fairness reflects in the equality of choice. That is, ensure one part of peoples’ development does not come at others expense and today's progress does not come at tomorrow’s expense. B. Sustainability Natural resources and environment is the material base of the human beings’ living and development. The prime condition for human sustainable development is sustainable natural resources supply and persistent environmental pollution capacity. Once the base is destroyed, human survival will under threat, let alone development. So human must realize and correctly treat the limited capacity for natural resources supply and environment accommodation pollution. We must re-examine the relationship between human and nature; radically adjust our production and way of life, protect and improve ecological environment; particularly important, we must correctly deal with relationship between current needs and long-term needs; current interests and long-term , make the man's social and economic development on the solid foundation of sustainable development. Sustainability requires human economy and society development not to surpass the limited capacity for natural resources supply and ecological environment. Human should fully consider natural resources consumption rate's critical nature; resources consumption should not harm atmosphere, water, soil, biotechnology and other forms of natural systems. Human should stick to this principle, not only restrain our behaviors on resource-wasting and environmental pollution, but also protect and increase construction of resource base, recover environmental quality. Sustainability principle emphasizes dynamic equilibrium among the population, resources, environment and development in C. Common Different countries and regions have different history, cultural and economic development level, correspondingly sustainable development’s specific objectives, policies and measures are also slightly different .But as the all human’s general development objective , sustainable development reflects common principle about fairness and sustainability, in order to reach objective, we must take global joint action

IV.RELATIONSHIPBETWEENGREENLOGISTICSANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT(1) Green logistics is one of the principles of sustainable development. It is the sustainabledevelopment principles that get today's commodity production, circulation and consumption not affectthe future ones. To apply this principle to modern logistics management activities, it requires us tostudy modern logistics system from the perspective of environmental protection, form a symbioticsystembetween environment and logistics system,change one-way actionrelationship betweeneconomic development and logistics, restrain logistics damage to environment and form a modernlogistics system that can promote healthy development economic and consumer lifestylegreenlogistics.(2) Green logistics is an important part of sustainable development. Green logistics, greenmanufacturing and green consumption compose a green economic circulatory system, which canconserveresourcesandprotectenvironment.Greenmanufacturingistomanufacturegreenproductsby means of conserving resources and reducing pollution, it is an action of production.Greenconsumptiontakesconsumersasthemainsubject.Greenmanufacturingisthebasistorealizegreenlogistics and green consume, it can promote green manufacturing by the circulation's reaction toproduction, meet and promote green consumption bygreen logisticsmanagement.(3) Green logistics objective reflects the idea of sustainable development. The objective is toinhibit the damage to the environment while achieving the purification of the logistics environment, tomake best use of logistics resources, and which actually reflects the idea of sustainable development.(4)Range of green logistics activities reflects the sustainable utilization of resources.Greenlogistics is amulet-layer conception; it includes both the green logistics activities and social activitiesforgreenlogisticsmanagement,regulation and control.From the range of green logistics activities,itincludes not only each monomial green logistics operations, but also the waste recycling logisticswhich can reuse recourses.V.THENECESSITYTODEVELOPGREENLOGISTICSINOURCOUNTRYA.Resources wasteseriously in logistics fieldAccording to statistics, the rate of merchandising turnover of China accounts for only 30 percentthat of developed countries,stocked goods quantityper square meter only accounts for 25percent ofdevelopedcountries',delivery errorrateisthreetimes asmanyas developed countries,Annual lossesare about 150 billion Yuan due to packing, losses about 500 billion due to handling and transport, 30billion Yuan.Due to improper care Excess capacityfor warehouse reaches 40, emptydriving rateremains at 50% over the years because of lack of proper Logistics organization for road transport.B. Increasing damage caused by logistics activities to the environment(1) Impact of Storage on environment. Storage procedure also has non-green factors; on the onehand, commodity storage Center must take some chemical measures for preservation and inevitably

IV. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GREEN LOGISTICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (1) Green logistics is one of the principles of sustainable development. It is the sustainable development principles that get today’s commodity production, circulation and consumption not affect the future ones. To apply this principle to modern logistics management activities, it requires us to study modern logistics system from the perspective of environmental protection, form a symbiotic system between environment and logistics system, change one-way action relationship between economic development and logistics, restrain logistics damage to environment and form a modern logistics system that can promote healthy development economic and consumer lifestyle— green logistics. (2) Green logistics is an important part of sustainable development. Green logistics, green manufacturing and green consumption compose a green economic circulatory system, which can conserve resources and protect environment. Green manufacturing is to manufacture green products by means of conserving resources and reducing pollution, it is an action of production. Green consumption takes consumers as the main subject. Green manufacturing is the basis to realize green logistics and green consume, it can promote green manufacturing by the circulation’s reaction to production; meet and promote green consumption by green logistics management. (3) Green logistics objective reflects the idea of sustainable development. The objective is to inhibit the damage to the environment while achieving the purification of the logistics environment, to make best use of logistics resources, and which actually reflects the idea of sustainable development. (4) Range of green logistics activities reflects the sustainable utilization of resources. Green logistics is amulet-layer conception; it includes both the green logistics activities and social activities for green logistics management, regulation and control. From the range of green logistics activities, it includes not only each monomial green logistics operations, but also the waste recycling logistics which can reuse recourses. V. THE NECESSITY TO DEVELOP GREEN LOGISTICS IN OURCOUNTRY A. Resources waste seriously in logistics field According to statistics, the rate of merchandising turnover of China accounts for only 30 percent that of developed countries’, stocked goods quantity per square meter only accounts for 25 percent of developed countries’, delivery error rate is three times as many as developed countries’. Annual losses are about 150 billion Yuan due to packing, losses about 500 billion due to handling and transport, 30 billion Yuan. Due to improper care Excess capacity for warehouse reaches 40, empty driving rate remains at 50% over the years because of lack of proper Logistics organization for road transport. B. Increasing damage caused by logistics activities to the environment (1) Impact of Storage on environment. Storage procedure also has non-green factors; on the one hand, commodity storage Center must take some chemical measures for preservation and inevitably

causesurroundingenvironmentalpollution.Ontheotherhand,becauseofbadpreservation,explosionand leakage, some flammable, explosive, chemistry dangerous material may cause pollution anddestruction.(2)Impact of transportation on environment.Non-greenfactors during transportationmainlycontain three parts: Noise pollution and air pollution from transport itself. Unreasonable freight anddistribution center networks resulting circuitous goods'transport, increase vehicle fuel consumption,emissions and noise pollution. Many one-time transportation caused by concentrated stock increasefuel consumption and requirement for road area, destroy the ecology.(3) Impact of package on environment. On the one hand, Persistent organic package exist innature for a long time, which will has a serious impact on the natural environment. On the other hand,excessive package or repeated package result in wastage of resources, which does not benefit tosustainable development. And abandoned packing materialism an important part of the city waste(4)Impactofdistributiononenvironment.Non-greenfactorsduringdistributioncontain:Thedistribution by the consumer and resource utilization are low, such as distributed processing in foodservice companies not only waste of resources, but also pollutes the air. Waste material producedduring distribution is hard to concentrate and re-use effectively, which leads to waste pollution;Wasted gas, water and materials produced during distribution damage environment and human.(5) Impact of loading and unloading & waste on the environment.Non-green factors duringloading and unloading contain: improper loading and unloading and the commodity body's damage.Wasted substancewillcauseallpositionenvironmentpollutionwhenreleasedtoenvironment.Variousheavy metals and organic matter generated from municipal domestic waste pollutes water, soil, andaffects groundwater quality, Methane gas produced during the fermentation of pollutes atmosphere.VIMEASURESTODEVELOPTHEGREENLOGISTICSANDPROMOTETHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTINCHINATo develop the green logistics distribution and promote the sustainable development, it should beconsidered from the perspective of government, enterprise and public.A.GovernmentUsing the experience of developed countries for reference, the government should constantlyperfect the construction of environmental laws and regulations, in the macro control of the logisticsmanagement system. Make laws on resource exploitation, using of new materials, waste recyclingwaste emissions, giving necessary support and encouragement to those implementation green logisticsenterprises by adopting financial and monetary instruments.B.EnterpriseImplementation's basic main body of Green physical logistics is enterprise, so we must takeeffective measures tenable all enterprises (including physical logistics) to achieve green transport.(1) Build green transportation system. Enterprises cause vehicles effectively, reduce circuitous

cause surrounding environmental pollution. On the other hand, because of bad preservation, explosion and leakage, some flammable, explosive, chemistry dangerous material may cause pollution and destruction. (2) Impact of transportation on environment. Non-green factors during transportation mainly contain three parts: Noise pollution and air pollution from transport itself. Unreasonable freight and distribution center networks resulting circuitous goods’ transport, increase vehicle fuel consumption, emissions and noise pollution. Many one-time transportation caused by concentrated stock increase fuel consumption and requirement for road area, destroy the ecology. (3) Impact of package on environment. On the one hand, Persistent organic package exist in nature for a long time, which will has a serious impact on the natural environment. On the other hand, excessive package or repeated package result in wastage of resources, which does not benefit to sustainable development. And abandoned packing materialism an important part of the city waste. (4) Impact of distribution on environment. Non-green factors during distribution contain: The distribution by the consumer and resource utilization are low, such as distributed processing in food service companies not only waste of resources, but also pollutes the air. Waste material produced during distribution is hard to concentrate and re-use effectively, which leads to waste pollution; Wasted gas, water and materials produced during distribution damage environment and human. (5) Impact of loading and unloading & waste on the environment. Non-green factors during loading and unloading contain: improper loading and unloading and the commodity body's damage. Wasted substance will cause all position environment pollution when released to environment. Various heavy metals and organic matter generated from municipal domestic waste pollutes water, soil, and affects groundwater quality; Methane gas produced during the fermentation of pollutes atmosphere. VI. MEASURES TO DEVELOP THE GREEN LOGISTICS ANDPROMOTE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA To develop the green logistics distribution and promote the sustainable development, it should be considered from the perspective of government, enterprise and public. A. Government Using the experience of developed countries for reference, the government should constantly perfect the construction of environmental laws and regulations, in the macro control of the logistics management system. Make laws on resource exploitation, using of new materials, waste recycling waste emissions, giving necessary support and encouragement to those implementation green logistics enterprises by adopting financial and monetary instruments. B. Enterprise Implementation's basic main body of Green physical logistics is enterprise, so we must take effective measures tenable all enterprises (including physical logistics) to achieve green transport. (1) Build green transportation system. Enterprises cause vehicles effectively, reduce circuitous

transport,planlogisticsanddistributioncenternetworksrationally,optimizedeliveryroutes,adoptacommon distribution, and raise the round-trip shipment rate, adopt the joint system of transport, usethe"green" means of transport and other measures to effectively reduce the resource consumption andenvironmental pollution of the logistics and transport links, reduce cost of business economic andsocialenvironment.(2) Green Package. Green Package has no harm on the environment, human and livestock. And isa healthy pollution-free environment-friendly packaging. It is entirely natural plant or the mineral asraw materials, and can be recycled easily degradable, can promote sustainable development, andthroughout the product life cycle .Green packaging can reduce environmental pollution and maintainecological balance. We can use green packaging materials, reducing the consumption of packagingmaterials,packaging wastefor recycling and other measures, in order to achieve green packaging(3) Waste material processing. Firstly, manufacturers should strengthen the arrangement of thelogisticsmaterials,secondly,resourceavailabilityandrecoveryfeaturesshouldbeconsideredintheproduct design stage. Thirdly,rational recovery and use of these waste materials, so that resources canberecycled.(4) Green distribution processing.The green distribution processing is mainly divided two aspectsOn the one hand changes the consumer disperses processing for the specialized centralism processing.raises theresources use efficiency by the way of scale operation to reduce the environmental pollution.On the other hand, reduce the waste pollution caused by consumer dispersed processing ,by means ofcentralizing treatment of waste produced in processing of consumer goods.C.The public should establish the concept of green consumption and carry out green consumptionGreen consumption concepts and actions can stimulate enterprises green business operations topromote thedevelopment of green logistics.We should advocate public green consumption actively.VIL.CONCLUSIONSIn order to develop circular economy to promote sustainable development, construct modernlogistics enterprise logistics management system, guide the public foster the concept of green logisticsstrengthen government's regulatory role and the support of logistics companies. Measures should betaken to let all enterprises (including logistics) achieve green operation

transport; plan logistics and distribution center networks rationally, optimize delivery routes, adopt a common distribution, and raise the round-trip shipment rate; adopt the joint system of transport; use the "green" means of transport and other measures to effectively reduce the resource consumption and environmental pollution of the logistics and transport links, reduce cost of business economic and social environment. (2) Green Package. Green Package has no harm on the environment, human and livestock. And is a healthy pollution-free environment-friendly packaging. It is entirely natural plant or the mineral as raw materials, and can be recycled easily degradable, can promote sustainable development, and throughout the product life cycle .Green packaging can reduce environmental pollution and maintain ecological balance. We can use green packaging materials, reducing the consumption of packaging materials, packaging waste for recycling and other measures, in order to achieve green packaging. (3) Waste material processing. Firstly, manufacturers should strengthen the arrangement of the logistics materials, secondly, resource availability and recovery features should be considered in the product design stage. Thirdly, rational recovery and use of these waste materials, so that resources can be recycled. (4) Green distribution processing. The green distribution processing is mainly divided two aspects: On the one hand changes the consumer disperses processing for the specialized centralism processing, raises the resources use efficiency by the way of scale operation to reduce the environmental pollution. On the other hand, reduce the waste pollution caused by consumer dispersed processing ,by means of centralizing treatment of waste produced in processing of consumer goods. C. The public should establish the concept of green consumption and carry out green consumption Green consumption concepts and actions can stimulate enterprises’ green business operations to promote the development of green logistics. We should advocate public green consumption actively. VII. CONCLUSIONS In order to develop circular economy to promote sustainable development, construct modern logistics enterprise logistics management system, guide the public foster the concept of green logistics, strengthen government’s regulatory role and the support of logistics companies. Measures should be taken to let all enterprises (including logistics) achieve green operation