《系统工程》课程教学资源（英文文献）A Brief Analysis on Emergency Management

A Brief Analysis on Emergency ManagementCapabilities of Logistics Enterprises in ChinaAbstract-Frequent adverse weather and other emergencies inLogistic enterprise is themain implementation entity of therecent years challengecapabilities ofemergencymanagementlogistic business.Theyhavetheprofessional capacitythat theirindustryChina.Theweaknesslogisticsininemergencycustomers don't have so that the customers can be rest assured.management of our country's logistics industry not only causedHowever, it is impossiblefor thelogistic staff to get wholehuge losses of their own, but also seriously affected downstreamcontrol of all its business process, in addition that theindustries of the supply chain as well as society and livelihood.differencesbetweentheandnaturalroadconditionsOn thebasis of the analysis of present conditions and problems ofenvironment of different place contribute to the frequentlyemergency management of logistics enterprises in China,happened unexpected accident, such as the delay of gooddrawing in experience of large-scale foreign logistics enterprises,delivery, even worse the loss of the trucks and the goods,this paper shows the importance and urgency of enhancing thewhich lead to the seriously negative impact on the downstreamability of emergency management for logistics enterprises andbusiness. So at present, it is extremely urgent to strengthen theprovides alotof practical suggestions.supervisory control of logistics enterprise and improve logisticsenterprisescapacityofemergencyreactionKeywords- logistics enterprise; emergency managementAfter thebrief introduction of the emergency managementI.INTRODUCTIONtheory, this study gives some practical suggestions through theanalysis of our country's emergency management currentEmergencies such as extreme weather often have greatsituation and the reference of foreign logistic companiesimpacts on the normal operation ofthe logistics enterprise.experienceinemergencymanagementFrequent adverse weather condition has posed a big challenge tothe China's logistic enterprise's ability of the emergencymanagement.People said that the logistic industry had beenII.BRIEFINTRODUCTIONOFTHEEMERGENCYhold the throat by the extreme weather condition afterMANAGEMENTTHEORYexperiencing the loss caused bythevarious kind of extremeweather condition and other emergent accidentA.The Conceptof theEmergencyManagementThe emergency management is a newly emerging disciplineIn May 2010,the heavy rainfall occurred in Guangdongin the field of management in recent years. It is anprovince caused totally 3 main trunk roads blocked.Thereforeinterdisciplinary which involves operations research, strategicthe traffic jam caused more than 1400 vehicles flooded, and 57management,informationtechnologyand various kinds offlightsoftheBaiyunairporthavebeendelayed.Thousandsofspecialized knowledge,and mainlyfocuses on the research ofpassengers and numerous goods had been stranded. However,the decision optimization when it comes to the emergencythe real loss is not limited to this, because of the special rolesaccident.which the logistic plays in the field of supply chain and itsimportantinfluenceonthesocial economical life,thelosshadaPeoplehad somekinds of ideas about emergencychainreactionrapidlywhile handling it,which were about themanagementprevention of the future uncertain thing. However, there wasAccordingtothe statistics of the loss caused by2009heavynot any systemic research on this field until the 1990s.Inrain and snow, bad weather had a great influence on therecent years, because of the great impact on the social publichighwaytransportation and led transformational difficulties ofsecurity caused by some unexpected accident,this field hasthe cargo in large quantity.Taking the agriculture product forattractedmoreandmoreattentions.Emergencymanagementexample,thepricesofmanykindsoffruitshadrisenby33%toshows its importance and meaning as emergency's leading150%.Sincethisyearthenumberoftheprovincesandcitiesgreat influence on the enterprise and the societyimpacted bythebad weatherhas approached 13,population of10.39 million are affected, and the direct result of economicalInFeb2007,General Officeof theStateCouncil releasedloss has reached7.36billon Yuan.the notification on the opinion about strengthening enterprise'semergency management ', which explicitly pointed out that:

A Brief Analysis on Emergency Management Capabilities of Logistics Enterprises in China Abstract—Frequent adverse weather and other emergencies in recent years challenge emergency management capabilities of logistics industry in China. The weakness in emergency management of our country’s logistics industry not only caused huge losses of their own, but also seriously affected downstream industries of the supply chain as well as society and livelihood. On the basis of the analysis of present conditions and problems of emergency management of logistics enterprises in China, drawing in experience of large-scale foreign logistics enterprises, this paper shows the importance and urgency of enhancing the ability of emergency management for logistics enterprises and provides a lot of practical suggestions. Keywords- logistics enterprise; emergency management I. INTRODUCTION Emergencies such as extreme weather often have great impacts on the normal operation of the logistics enterprise. Frequent adverse weather condition has posed a big challenge to the China’s logistic enterprise’s ability of the emergency management. People said that the logistic industry had been hold the throat by the extreme weather condition after experiencing the loss caused by the various kind of extreme weather condition and other emergent accident. In May 2010, the heavy rainfall occurred in Guangdong province caused totally 3 main trunk roads blocked. Therefore the traffic jam caused more than 1400 vehicles flooded, and 57 flights of the Baiyun airport have been delayed. Thousands of passengers and numerous goods had been stranded. However, the real loss is not limited to this, because of the special roles which the logistic plays in the field of supply chain and its important influence on the social economical life, the loss had a chain reaction rapidly. According to the statistics of the loss caused by 2009 heavy rain and snow, bad weather had a great influence on the highway transportation and led transformational difficulties of the cargo in large quantity. Taking the agriculture product for example, the prices of many kinds of fruits had risen by 33% to 150%. Since this year the number of the provinces and cities impacted by the bad weather has approached 13, population of 10.39 million are affected, and the direct result of economical loss has reached 7.36 billon Yuan. Logistic enterprise is the main implementation entity of the logistic business. They have the professional capacity that their customers don’t have so that the customers can be rest assured. However, it is impossible for the logistic staff to get whole control of all its business process, in addition that the differences between the road conditions and natural environment of different place contribute to the frequently happened unexpected accident, such as the delay of good delivery, even worse the loss of the trucks and the goods, which lead to the seriously negative impact on the downstream business. So at present, it is extremely urgent to strengthen the supervisory control of logistics enterprise and improve logistics enterprise’s capacity of emergency reaction. After the brief introduction of the emergency management theory, this study gives some practical suggestions through the analysis of our country’s emergency management current situation and the reference of foreign logistic companies’ experience in emergency management. II. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT THEORY A. The Concept of the Emergency Management The emergency management is a newly emerging discipline in the field of management in recent years. It is an interdisciplinary which involves operations research, strategic management, information technology and various kinds of specialized knowledge, and mainly focuses on the research of the decision optimization when it comes to the emergency accident. People had some kinds of ideas about emergency management while handling it, which were about the prevention of the future uncertain thing. However, there was not any systemic research on this field until the 1990s. In recent years, because of the great impact on the social public security caused by some unexpected accident, this field has attracted more and more attentions. Emergency management shows its importance and meaning as emergency’s leading great influence on the enterprise and the society. In Feb 2007, General Office of the State Council released the notification on the opinion about strengthening enterprise’s emergency management [1], which explicitly pointed out that:

II.emergencymanagement isan importantpartof theenterpriseTHEANALYSIS OFTHECURRENT SITUATIONANDmanagement,and strengtheningthe enterprise emergencyPROBLEMSOFOURCOUNTRY'SEMERGENCYMANAGEMENTmanagement is theprerequisitefor the company developmentandalsothesocialresponsibilitythatenterprisemustperformALackoftheClearDefinitionandUnderstandingofEmergencyManagement in Most CompaniesFor the government and the other public institutions in ourEnterprises entering the logistic industry early, such ascountry, emergency management was defined as:EmergencyCOSCO Logistics, China Overseas Logistics, and ChinamanagementisanactivitythatthegovernmentandotherpublicMerchants Logistics have the clear definition of the emergencyinstitutions must ensure the security of the public life andmanagement and complete emergency management system,property,promotethehealth andharmonious development ofbut most of the others don't havethe concept of the emergencysociety throughbuilding up the corresponding mechanism andmanagement.taking effective measures in the process of the accidentprevention,accident response&disposal,andrecoveryOur country's logistics industry has just developed rapidlymanagement.Fortheenterprise,emergencymanagementisasince more than 10 years, and it still needs more understandingseriesofamanagementmeasuresandresponsestrategiestheofthelogisticindustry.Nowthequalityoftheemployeesisnotenterprise takes in order to minimize the harm caused byhigh, the extent of customer's need for the support provided byemergency, to achieve the goal of the optimized decision, andlogisticindustryisnothigheither,andthecustomercannotlistit includes emergency plan,emergency treatment,incidentvery specific requirement for the delivery.In this circumstance,solutionandotherprocesses[2]evenif the customeralwaysdemand logistic enterprisetoprovide the measure to solve the delay,loss, consequenceEmergency management includes the accident analysis,caused by differentkinds of disaster, but because of their littleforecastand warning,resourceplanning,organizing,allocate,understanding of the industry,they basically handle thosethingsweave,deployment,event ofpostprocessing,situations respectively,at most in the way of requiring the 24hemergency system construction, etc.connectivity of the driver, reporting to the company every timearrived at a new place, which could not be termed as logisticBEmergencyManagementSystemandItsOperationalemergencymanagementatall.ProcessEmergencymanagement system is awholework systemB.TheImperfectCommand Systemof EmergencyLogisticswhat the main emergency management entity integrates withandtheNonstandardEmergencyPreplanthe organization,resource,action and other elementto be.ItIn recent years, with the increasing demand in the capacityshould be four parts included in a completemature emergencyofemergencyresponse,manyenterprisesofourcountryhavemanagementsystem:emergencydecision control section,alreadystartedtooffertheemergencymanagementmeasureemergency decision-making consulting section,informationbut mainly focus on the strengthening of the management andsection, and emergency operation section. These sub-systemsdeployment of vehicles.Few small and medium-sized logisticwork independently but interact with each other to integrateenterprises have built up a mature emergency-response logisticintoacompleteemergencymanagementsystemsystem.Even though some have formulated the logisticsThus, modernized emergency management system is aemergencymanagementplan,thereISnospecializedcomprehensive system with high integration.Itneedstodepartment to manage them, only used as a bibelot, and ofcomprehend the functions of various organizations andawareness about the emergencycoursetheemployeesdepartment to work effectively. It is necessary to get anmanagement has not been strengthened, so it could not beoperational mechanismto ensuretheoperation of emergencyexecutedeffectivelymanagement system.Thedeliverygoods of 3.29 Jiangsu provinceaccident inThe operational process of the emergency management2005, 9.2 Shandong province accident in 2009 are dangerousincludes thefollowing5phases:real-timemonitoring,warninggoods, however, the radical reason that led to disaster is theidentification,plan starts,schemedisposal andpost-processing,aslogistics enterprise's little understanding about the good theyshowed in figure 1]delivered, and no specialized emergency respond measures,which at last led great loss to the society and enterprise at hugeInformationcost of lots of death and injury.collectingCLowInformationization of EmergencyManagement享PaPost-SystemdentifiPprocesiAs to our country's logistics enterprise,the application ofadvanced technology such as RFID, GPS, and GIS is not←widespreadinthefieldofemergencylogistics.ConfinedbythenorOlimitations of capital strength,information technology andcollectingoperationmanagement conditions,manylogistics enterprises,especially the small and medium-sized logistics enterprises,Figure 1.Logic diagram ofemergency management systemhavetotakethelow-effective,originalhandlingmeasure,andformoreenterpriseswithouttheirowninitiativenesshaveto

emergency management is an important part of the enterprise management, and strengthening the enterprise emergency management is the prerequisite for the company development and also the social responsibility that enterprise must perform. For the government and the other public institutions in our country, emergency management was defined as: Emergency management is an activity that the government and other public institutions must ensure the security of the public life and property, promote the health and harmonious development of society through building up the corresponding mechanism and taking effective measures in the process of the accident prevention, accident response & disposal, and recovery management. For the enterprise, emergency management is a series of a management measures and response strategies the enterprise takes in order to minimize the harm caused by emergency, to achieve the goal of the optimized decision, and it includes emergency plan, emergency treatment, incident solution and other processes [2] . Emergency management includes the accident analysis, forecast and warning, resource planning, organizing, allocate, things weave, deployment, event of post processing, emergency system construction, etc. B. Emergency Management System and Its Operational Process Emergency management system is a whole work system what the main emergency management entity integrates with the organization, resource, action and other element to be. It should be four parts included in a complete mature emergency management system: emergency decision control section, emergency decision-making consulting section, information section, and emergency operation section. These sub-systems work independently but interact with each other to integrate into a complete emergency management system. Thus, modernized emergency management system is a comprehensive system with high integration. It needs to comprehend the functions of various organizations and department to work effectively. It is necessary to get an operational mechanism to ensure the operation of emergency management system. The operational process of the emergency management includes the following 5 phases: real-time monitoring, warning identification, plan starts, scheme disposal and post-processing, as showed in figure 1[3] . Information collecting Real- Warning Plan Scheme Post￾time identific starts disposal processi monitori ation ng ng Information collecting Figure 1. Logic diagram of emergency management system III. THE ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEMS OF OUR COUNTRY’S EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT A. Lack of the Clear Definition and Understanding of Emergency Management in Most Companies Enterprises entering the logistic industry early, such as COSCO Logistics, China Overseas Logistics, and China Merchants Logistics have the clear definition of the emergency management and complete emergency management system, but most of the others don’t have the concept of the emergency management. Our country’s logistics industry has just developed rapidly since more than 10 years, and it still needs more understanding of the logistic industry. Now the quality of the employees is not high, the extent of customer’s need for the support provided by logistic industry is not high either, and the customer can not list very specific requirement for the delivery. In this circumstance, even if the customer always demand logistic enterprise to provide the measure to solve the delay, loss, consequence caused by different kinds of disaster, but because of their little understanding of the industry, they basically handle those situations respectively, at most in the way of requiring the 24h connectivity of the driver, reporting to the company every time arrived at a new place, which could not be termed as logistic emergency management at all. B. The Imperfect Command System of Emergency Logistics and the Nonstandard Emergency Preplan In recent years, with the increasing demand in the capacity of emergency response, many enterprises of our country have already started to offer the emergency management measure, but mainly focus on the strengthening of the management and deployment of vehicles. Few small and medium-sized logistic enterprises have built up a mature emergency-response logistic system. Even though some have formulated the logistics emergency management plan, there is no specialized department to manage them, only used as a bibelot, and of course the employees’ awareness about the emergency management has not been strengthened, so it could not be executed effectively. The delivery goods of 3.29 Jiangsu province accident in 2005, 9.2 Shandong province accident in 2009 are dangerous goods, however, the radical reason that led to disaster is the logistics enterprise’s little understanding about the good they delivered, and no specialized emergency respond measures, which at last led great loss to the society and enterprise at huge cost of lots of death and injury. C. Low Informationization of Emergency Management System As to our country’s logistics enterprise, the application of advanced technology such as RFID, GPS, and GIS is not widespread in the field of emergency logistics. Confined by the limitations of capital strength, information technology and operation management conditions, many logistics enterprises, especially the small and medium-sized logistics enterprises, have to take the low-effective, original handling measure, and for more enterprises without their own initiativeness have to

hold the mind ofA fall in the pit, a gain in your wit". TheCExpertsandClients are Involved intheOptimizationofmore accident happened, the more the enterprise can think oftheProcessManagementSometimes, the logistic enterprise even transfers the risk to theExperts and clients are invited to optimize the processcustomer,finally loss thetrust of customer.management.FedEx established “Global Operational Control Center"IV:CURRENT SITUATIONANDEXPERIENCEOF THEand employed experts to gather climate information, doFOREIGN LOGISTICS ENTERPRISEanalysis, and set the delivery route for the delivery plane inCompared with our country,thebuildingup of theadvance.Once there is some change or crisis, FedEx alwaysemergency-response management system is earlier in thecan response and make up the best contingency plan bydeveloped-country'slogisticsenterprise.Thelogisticenterprisekeeping contact with relateddepartment.surviving in the market competition usually have decades ofdevelopment history,some even with development history ofD.Make Full Use of the High-technologymore than one hundred years. These enterprises haveForeign logistics enterprises intensify the investment of theformulatedtheirownemergencymanagementplanthroughthetechnological development,such asvehicleprotectivesummarizing of what could happen and how to deal with it.measures,GPS,GIS,warehouseautomaticsmokedetector.Andeveryyear,theseenterprisesrehearsesomeoftheplan,soinautomatic spraywasher,emergencymanagementinformationthis way,the employees'abilityofemergency responsehas beendatabase, and make the fullest use of the modernized,Theplan and execution is truly integrated Theimproved.automotive technology which will help to eliminate disaster asemergency management experience of the foreign logisticsoon as possible.enterprise can be summarized as thefollowing.Wal-Mart used the GPS system to trace the truck.A.Complete Emergency Management System Directed byDepending on the mature,highly effective logisticsWal-Mart successfullyTopManagementtransportation information system.implemented the disaster management of the"Katrina"The foreign logistic enterprise's emergencymanagementhurricane in2005, and avoided unnecessary loss in goodssystem mainlyincludespermanentlogisticemergencytransportationmanagementorganizationandisdirectlyunderthecommandof thetopmanagement.Onceemergencyhappened,theemergency plan is started directly without theneed to get theV.CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONSpermission layer upon layer, which reduces the possibility ofAlthough the domestic logistics market scale is huge, thetime wasteenterpriseslackthecomprehensionof emergencymanagement,and emergencies will cause numerous losses in creditability,In 2010, because of the Iceland volcanic ash, a lot ofprofits and related enterprises if a comprehensiveemergencyairports in northwestern Europe and central Europe weremanagement plan is not established which must be carried outclosed. In this circumstance, TNT directly launched itsbyan experienced team.The development of emergency"Sustainable Supporting Business Plan"This plan includesmanagementwill notonly improve the serviceoflogisticscrisis management responsibility, communication plan, actitselfbut also will lower the costof logistics enterprises, clientsguidance and execution principle,aimingatprovidingand the whole society 17)emergency preparedness plans when facing the unexpectedemergent time and disaster.The government and enterprises should devote more toemergency management, learn from the experienced countriesSimulate the Emergency Conditions and Improve theand put what theyknow in practice to improve the emergencyPlan Regularlyresponse capability,venture resistance capability and costcontrol capability.Foreign logistics enterprisessimulatethe emergencyaccident regularly which could affect the efficiency of theFrom my point ofview,three urgent things should be done todelivery and the quality of the service, and make employeeimprove the emergency management capability:to constructaimplement the improvement and the protection according thecomprehensiveandefficientlogisticsemergencyresponseemergency manual.It will strengthen employeesability ofsystem;to maketheresponseplan morepracticableand toemergency-response,and continually improvethe emergencyimprovethe emergency management level.preparedness plansUPS's emergency preparedness plans is very meticulous,TheConstructionof a Comprehensiveand EfficientA.and there is a process corresponding to every step. It alsoEmergencyLogistics Preplan Systemspecificallypoints outeverystaff'sresponsibility.TherewillbeEmergency logistics preplan system is critical in thea rehearsal of one department's emergency plan every year toemergency response system asit contains the emergencyvalidatethecompleteness oftheemergencyplan.disposal processes of allkinds of emergencies.It ispossibleforthe enterprise to take actions according to the disposal planpreviously set in the emergency management plan.Theemergency logisticspreplan system shouldbeconstructed at thefirst placefor logistics enterprises.The

hold the mind of “A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit”. The more accident happened, the more the enterprise can think of. Sometimes, the logistic enterprise even transfers the risk to the customer, finally loss the trust of customer. IV. CURRENT SITUATION AND EXPERIENCE OF THE FOREIGN LOGISTICS ENTERPRISE Compared with our country, the building up of the emergency-response management system is earlier in the developed-country’s logistics enterprise. The logistic enterprise surviving in the market competition usually have decades of development history, some even with development history of more than one hundred years. These enterprises have formulated their own emergency management plan through the summarizing of what could happen and how to deal with it. And every year, these enterprises rehearse some of the plan, so in this way, the employees’ ability of emergency response has been improved. The plan and execution is truly integrated. The emergency management experience of the foreign logistic enterprise can be summarized as the following. A. Complete Emergency Management System Directed by Top Management The foreign logistic enterprise’s emergency management system mainly includes permanent logistic emergency management organization and is directly under the command of the top management. Once emergency happened, the emergency plan is started directly without the need to get the permission layer upon layer, which reduces the possibility of time waste. In 2010, because of the Iceland volcanic ash, a lot of airports in northwestern Europe and central Europe were closed. In this circumstance, TNT directly launched its “Sustainable Supporting Business Plan”. This plan includes crisis management responsibility, communication plan, act guidance and execution principle, aiming at providing emergency preparedness plans when facing the unexpected emergent time and disaster. B. Simulate the Emergency Conditions and Improve the Plan Regularly Foreign logistics enterprises simulate the emergency accident regularly which could affect the efficiency of the delivery and the quality of the service, and make employee implement the improvement and the protection according the emergency manual. It will strengthen employees’ ability of emergency- response, and continually improve the emergency preparedness plans. UPS’s emergency preparedness plans is very meticulous, and there is a process corresponding to every step. It also specifically points out every staff’s responsibility. There will be a rehearsal of one department’s emergency plan every year to validate the completeness of the emergency plan. C. Experts and Clients are Involved in the Optimization of the Process Management Experts and clients are invited to optimize the process management. FedEx established “Global Operational Control Center”, and employed experts to gather climate information, do analysis, and set the delivery route for the delivery plane in advance. Once there is some change or crisis, FedEx always can response and make up the best contingency plan by keeping contact with related department. D. Make Full Use of the High-technology Foreign logistics enterprises intensify the investment of the technological development, such as vehicle protective measures, GPS, GIS, warehouse automatic smoke detector, automatic spray washer, emergency management information database, and make the fullest use of the modernized, automotive technology which will help to eliminate disaster as soon as possible. Wal-Mart used the GPS system to trace the truck. Depending on the mature, highly effective logistics transportation information system, Wal-Mart successfully implemented the disaster management of the “Katrina” hurricane in 2005, and avoided unnecessary loss in goods transportation. V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Although the domestic logistics market scale is huge, the enterprises lack the comprehension of emergency management, and emergencies will cause numerous losses in creditability, profits and related enterprises if a comprehensive emergency management plan is not established which must be carried out by an experienced team. The development of emergency management will not only improve the service of logistics itself but also will lower the cost of logistics enterprises, clients and the whole society [4-7] . The government and enterprises should devote more to emergency management, learn from the experienced countries and put what they know in practice to improve the emergency response capability, venture resistance capability and cost control capability. From my point of view, three urgent things should be done to improve the emergency management capability: to construct a comprehensive and efficient logistics emergency response system; to make the response plan more practicable and to improve the emergency management level. A. The Construction of a Comprehensive and Efficient Emergency Logistics Preplan System Emergency logistics preplan system is critical in the emergency response system as it contains the emergency disposal processes of all kinds of emergencies. It is possible for the enterprise to take actions according to the disposal plan previously set in the emergency management plan. The emergency logistics preplan system should be constructed at the first place for logistics enterprises. The

system should be consisted of five parts:comprehensiveofRFID,GPRS/GIS and other information techniques withemergency response plan, specific emergency response plan,improved integrity can monitor both the transport trucks andemergencyresponse plan,connectedproduct qualities.departmentemergencyresponseplanandemergencyresponseplanfor major4)Synchronization of emergency logistics systems andImprovements should beachievedfrom theactivities.logisticsbusiness procedures:constructionof benignenterpriseorganization,theresearchandHighly synchronized internal business procedures can bedevelopment of emergencytechniques,managementofachieved by applying the concept of workflow. Emergencyemergencyresponsespecialists,thefinancingofneededmoneylogistics plans shouldbemade accordingto specificlogisticsand supplies, the storage management of emergency supplies,business to make sure the unexpected issues can be handledthe construction of emergency logistics center and emergencyreasonably without causing panic.transportation5)Reinforcementof logistics informationsystemB.ReinforcementofImplementationofEmergencyPreplanTheinformationsysteminthefieldoflogisticsinChinaFirstly,themanagement of the organization ofemergencystill needs to be improved as soon as possible for emergencieslogistics response system should be consolidated by seniorcan causehuge lossestothe enterprises,especiallytothemanymanagers.In that case, the company will be able toreactSmall and medium -scale logistics enterprises.rapidly to emergencies like fire, thef, robbery and traffic6)Reasonable optimization of thetransport fleet andaccidents.transport paths:Secondly,all the staff members should be clear about theImproved transportfleet management and control, alongplan and their own responsibilities through publicity. Besides,with reasonable arrangement of transport paths through"man-made accidents"should be made to get everyoneinformationsystem andexperiencewillmakelogisticsprepared for the emergencies.procedures more reasonable. Therefore, transport processbecomes traceableand problems canbe solved effectively inCImprovementof Logistics Enterprises'Emergencytime.Management Level7)SecurityeducationandperformanceappraisalEmergency logistics managementrelies on thecontrol andmanagement:improvementofitscrucialsections.TheemergencyresponseRelated workers should be educated on working skills,capability could be improved effectively by technicallysecurity awareness and emergencyhandling.Onlywithupdatingandimprovingthesectionsofstorageandimprovedpersonnel level canthelogisticslevelbeimprovedtotransportation businesses, which are the core parts of logisticsgetemergencies handled smoothly.enterprises.KPI management should be applied in the stafr by1)The application of warehouse control system (WCS):collecting information from the key business points. TheMore investment in smoke sensing systemthathelpspurpose of emergencymanagement can beachieved only whenwatching the fire and in camera technique applied in warethe workers put all the security awareness and emergencycontrol system would help analyzing the details to avoidawarenessintopractice.disasters. The reasons of accidents can also be analyzed withthe information providedbythetwo systemsAt the same time, specific measures against unexpected firehave to bemadeand thenumbers,application and storageconditions of fire-fighting instruments such as sprinklersystem,firefightingpipelines,pools,sandandquiltshavetobeexaminedtermlytominimizetheloss.2)The application ofRFIDRFID,RadioFrequencyIdentification, can memoryhugeamount of rewriteable information with lower costs inthe longrun. Wares in warehouse and trucks can be watched for itsmemoryfunction.Alarms canbemadebyRFIDwhen thegood storage comes below the normal levei.The minimal unitresponsiblefor the unqualified goods can befound by tracingthe products with the help of RFID, thus lowering the loss.3）ApplicationofGPS/GISTransport trucks can be monitored on line with integratedGPS, GPRS and GIS. Measures can be taken instantly whenanyproblemsarespottedbythesystem.Combinedapplication

system should be consisted of five parts: comprehensive emergency response plan, specific emergency response plan, department emergency response plan, connected emergency response plan and emergency response plan for major activities. Improvements should be achieved from the construction of benign enterprise organization, the research and development of emergency techniques, management of emergency response specialists, the financing of needed money and supplies, the storage management of emergency supplies, the construction of emergency logistics center and emergency transportation. B. Reinforcement of Implementation of Emergency Preplan Firstly, the management of the organization of emergency logistics response system should be consolidated by senior managers. In that case, the company will be able to react rapidly to emergencies like fire, theft, robbery and traffic accidents. Secondly, all the staff members should be clear about the plan and their own responsibilities through publicity. Besides, “man-made accidents” should be made to get everyone prepared for the emergencies. C. Improvement of Logistics Enterprises’ Emergency Management Level Emergency logistics management relies on the control and improvement of its crucial sections. The emergency response capability could be improved effectively by technically updating and improving the sections of storage and transportation businesses, which are the core parts of logistics enterprises. 1) The application of warehouse control system (WCS): More investment in smoke sensing system that helps watching the fire and in camera technique applied in ware control system would help analyzing the details to avoid disasters. The reasons of accidents can also be analyzed with the information provided by the two systems. At the same time, specific measures against unexpected fire have to be made and the numbers, application and storage conditions of fire-fighting instruments such as sprinkler system, fire fighting pipelines, pools, sand and quilts have to be examined termly to minimize the loss. 2) The application of RFID: RFID, Radio Frequency Identification, can memory huge amount of rewriteable information with lower costs in the long run. Wares in warehouse and trucks can be watched for its memory function. Alarms can be made by RFID when the good storage comes below the normal level. The minimal unit responsible for the unqualified goods can be found by tracing the products with the help of RFID, thus lowering the loss. 3) Application of GPS/GIS: Transport trucks can be monitored on line with integrated GPS, GPRS and GIS. Measures can be taken instantly when any problems are spotted by the system. Combined application of RFID, GPRS/GIS and other information techniques with improved integrity can monitor both the transport trucks and product qualities. 4) Synchronization of emergency logistics systems and logistics business procedures: Highly synchronized internal business procedures can be achieved by applying the concept of workflow. Emergency logistics plans should be made according to specific logistics business to make sure the unexpected issues can be handled reasonably without causing panic. 5) Reinforcement of logistics information system: The information system in the field of logistics in China still needs to be improved as soon as possible for emergencies can cause huge losses to the enterprises, especially to the many small and medium -scale logistics enterprises. 6) Reasonable optimization of the transport fleet and transport paths: Improved transport fleet management and control, along with reasonable arrangement of transport paths through information system and experience will make logistics procedures more reasonable. Therefore, transport process becomes traceable and problems can be solved effectively in time. 7) Security education and performance appraisal management: Related workers should be educated on working skills, security awareness and emergency handling. Only with improved personnel level can the logistics level be improved to get emergencies handled smoothly. KPI management should be applied in the staff by collecting information from the key business points. The purpose of emergency management can be achieved only when the workers put all the security awareness and emergency awareness into practice