《系统工程》课程教学资源（英文文献）Connotation and Architecture of Green Production Logistics in Manufacturing Enterprises

Connotation and Architecture of Green ProductionLogistics in Manufacturing EnterprisesGuide Words:Green production logistics; connotation, architecture; application modeAbstract: Green production logistics applies the theories and methods of green manufacturing to theproduction logistics system.To combine with the process control theory, logistics simulationtechnique and information technology, green production logistics is capable of reducing the harm tothe environment and improving the energy utilization rate of the production logistics system. Theconnotation and the problem field of green production logistics are introduced in this paper. The greencharacteristics of production logistics are analyzed.Then, ways to implement green productionlogistics are discussed and its architecture is proposed including technological basis, data support andgreen realization of job shop layer.At last,applicationmode of this architecture is studied based onPDM, which will provide theoretical basis on implementation and application of green productionlogistics in the workshop production of manufacturing enterprises in China.I.INTRODUCTIONWith development of economy and progress of technique, being the third source of profit inmodern society, logistics has become the key competition field of all kinds of market entities.Logistics industry is rapidly expanding and meanwhile its negative effects on our ecologicalenvironment have been deepened step by step. Due to this reason, green logistics has been proposed."Logistics terms"(GB/T18345-2001) published in China in 2001 defines green logistics as: Greenlogistics can restrain environmental hazards caused by logistics. At the same time, it also realizespurification of logistics environment and makes the best use of resources.This definition requiresimproving logistics systems in environmental terms in order to build logistics systems of cooperativegrowth with environment.Globally,modern human society is adopting the strategy of sustainabledevelopment. Green logistics is an essential embodiment of this strategy in the field of modernlogistics and is named as the fourth logistics revolution. Development of green logistics will be a newstarting point to make China a more active economic player in the world.When the scale of the manufacturing industry has continuously expanded, production logisticsassume even greater importance during production process. Advancement and greenness of productionlogistics system have a concern in core competency of manufacturing enterprises. In abroad especiallyAmerica, Japan, Europe and other developed countries and areas, developing logistics industry earlierstronger environmental protection awareness and higher degree of automation of production system

Connotation and Architecture of Green Production Logistics in Manufacturing Enterprises Guide Words：Green production logistics; connotation; architecture; application mode Abstract：Green production logistics applies the theories and methods of green manufacturing to the production logistics system. To combine with the process control theory, logistics simulation technique and information technology, green production logistics is capable of reducing the harm to the environment and improving the energy utilization rate of the production logistics system. The connotation and the problem field of green production logistics are introduced in this paper. The green characteristics of production logistics are analyzed. Then, ways to implement green production logistics are discussed and its architecture is proposed including technological basis, data support and green realization of job shop layer. At last, application mode of this architecture is studied based on PDM, which will provide theoretical basis on implementation and application of green production logistics in the workshop production of manufacturing enterprises in China. I. INTRODUCTION With development of economy and progress of technique, being the third source of profit in modern society, logistics has become the key competition field of all kinds of market entities. Logistics industry is rapidly expanding and meanwhile its negative effects on our ecological environment have been deepened step by step. Due to this reason, green logistics has been proposed. “Logistics terms” (GB/T18345-2001) published in China in 2001 defines green logistics as: Green logistics can restrain environmental hazards caused by logistics. At the same time, it also realizes purification of logistics environment and makes the best use of resources. This definition requires improving logistics systems in environmental terms in order to build logistics systems of cooperative growth with environment. Globally, modern human society is adopting the strategy of sustainable development. Green logistics is an essential embodiment of this strategy in the field of modern logistics and is named as the fourth logistics revolution. Development of green logistics will be a new starting point to make China a more active economic player in the world. When the scale of the manufacturing industry has continuously expanded, production logistics assume even greater importance during production process. Advancement and greenness of production logistics system have a concern in core competency of manufacturing enterprises. In abroad especially America, Japan, Europe and other developed countries and areas, developing logistics industry earlier, stronger environmental protection awareness and higher degree of automation of production system

provide stronger support for greenness of logistics activities in production process, so their greennessprocess of production logistics has gone ahead and some advanced technologies such as electronicdata interchange system and cargo tracking system have been applied in transports and distributions ofworkshop logistics, which reflect their huge advantages in greenness and information[1-3]. Comparedto developed countries, the level of logistics equipment in our country is quite low and the standard oflogistics equipment does notmatch.Moreover, efficient logistics information networks are scarce andthe mechanization and automation of logistics still need to be improved further. All these reasonsmentioned above restrict the development of green production logistics in our country.Besides, coarse production model is adopted in the manufacturing industry of our country for along time.The variety of resource consumptions and environmental emissions are very difficultlyinspected and measured in the production process of the manufacturing enterprises. And there aremany complex relations among the production logistics information, furthermore, imprecise anduncertain information is generally involved. Thus, it is impossible to fully copy foreign experienceand green production logistics system of manufacturing enterprises accorded with Chinese nationalconditions should be set up.IIL.CONNOTATIONSOFGREENPRODUCTIONLOGISTICSA.Basic Connotations of GreenProductionLogisticsGreen production logistics which applies theories and methods of green manufacturing andcombines with process control, logistics simulation, and information technology can preventenvironment from be polluted and help to promote the resources efficiency during the productionlogistics Green production logistics analyzes, plans, designs, manages and controls the system whichstudied the logistics and related support activities in production process. It lays great stress oninformation flows and dynamicallymanages and optimizeslogistics system, which not onlyreachingcoordination among all kinds of units of logistics system but also achieving co-ordination betweenproductionand logistics.Additionally, based on the theories and methods of green manufacturing, green productionlogisticscanachievetheoveralloptimumofsystem indexesincludingT(Time),Q(Quality),C(Cost)R(Resource consumption), E(Environmental impact).Green production logistics taking craft process and logistics process in production as a wholeimproves logistics system in terms of systematization and integration.How to scenicallymanage,planand controlmaterial flowand information flow inproduction process is central to our study so as toconstruct modern production logistics system harmonized with the environment.B. Problem Fields Involved by Green Production LogisticsProblem fields involved by green production logistics comprise three parts as shown in fig 1: (1)Green manufacturing field including environment protection,optimal utilization of resources,production process control, craft route selection and so on; (2)Logistics engineering field including

provide stronger support for greenness of logistics activities in production process, so their greenness process of production logistics has gone ahead and some advanced technologies such as electronic data interchange system and cargo tracking system have been applied in transports and distributions of workshop logistics, which reflect their huge advantages in greenness and information[1-3]. Compared to developed countries, the level of logistics equipment in our country is quite low and the standard of logistics equipment does not match. Moreover, efficient logistics information networks are scarce and the mechanization and automation of logistics still need to be improved further. All these reasons mentioned above restrict the development of green production logistics in our country. Besides, coarse production model is adopted in the manufacturing industry of our country for a long time. The variety of resource consumptions and environmental emissions are very difficultly inspected and measured in the production process of the manufacturing enterprises. And there are many complex relations among the production logistics information, furthermore, imprecise and uncertain information is generally involved. Thus, it is impossible to fully copy foreign experience and green production logistics system of manufacturing enterprises accorded with Chinese national conditions should be set up. II. CONNOTATIONS OF GREEN PRODUCTION LOGISTICS A. Basic Connotations of Green Production Logistics Green production logistics which applies theories and methods of green manufacturing and combines with process control, logistics simulation, and information technology can prevent environment from be polluted and help to promote the resources efficiency during the production logistics Green production logistics analyzes, plans, designs, manages and controls the system which studied the logistics and related support activities in production process. It lays great stress on information flows and dynamically manages and optimizes logistics system, which not only reaching coordination among all kinds of units of logistics system but also achieving co-ordination between production and logistics. Additionally, based on the theories and methods of green manufacturing, green production logistics can achieve the overall optimum of system indexes including T(Time), Q(Quality), C(Cost), R(Resource consumption), E(Environmental impact). Green production logistics taking craft process and logistics process in production as a whole, improves logistics system in terms of systematization and integration. How to scenically manage, plan and control material flow and information flow in production process is central to our study so as to construct modern production logistics system harmonized with the environment. B. Problem Fields Involved by Green Production Logistics Problem fields involved by green production logistics comprise three parts as shown in fig.1: (1) Green manufacturing field including environment protection, optimal utilization of resources, production process control, craft route selection and so on; (2)Logistics engineering field including

knowledge,methods and technologies which can be used to plan, design, restructure and improvelogistics system; (3)Information field including information technology, automation technologymodern management technology and so on.GreenLogisticsManufacturingEngineeringGreenProductionLogisticsInformatizationFigure 1. The problem field of green production logisticsC. Strategic Connotations of Green Production LogisticsThe high-level logistics facilities and automation of logistics system offer prerequisite andguarantee to implement green production logistics. In other words, the implementation of greenproduction logistics will help boost automation and information progress in workshops productionand help to change coarse production model of Chinese manufacturing enterprise in order to keep upwithforeign advancedproduction systems.Chinese manufacturing enterprises have been facing with the critical situation of energy-savingand emissions-reducing. Rational designing and managing logistics can save natural resources, humanresources and energy.At the same time,greening production logistics can also reduce harmfulemission to environment. As a result, constructing green production logistics system is of strategicimportance to realize the targets for saving energy and reducing emissions in production process.In today's world, international trade demand green products including green manufacturing, greenpackaging, green sale, recycling, and so on. Moreover, kinds of eco-labels are prescribed to representwhether the product has taken into consideration requirements of environmental protection. All thesementioned above propose higher green requirements for production logistics of Chinesemanufacturing enterprises. In these circumstances, only realizing green production logistics will breakgreen trade barriers and make production logistics really become the third profit source insideenterprises.Implementing green production logistics will make enterprises have a better social image, obtainpublic recognition and bring China's manufacturing enterprises more in line with internationalpractice, which will make enterprises gain ground in fierce market competition.IIL.THEARCHITECTUREOFGREENPRODUCTIONLOGISTICSA.Green Features of Production Logistics in Manufacturing Enterprises

knowledge, methods and technologies which can be used to plan, design, restructure and improve logistics system; (3)Information field including information technology, automation technology, modern management technology and so on. Figure 1. The problem field of green production logistics C. Strategic Connotations of Green Production Logistics The high-level logistics facilities and automation of logistics system offer prerequisite and guarantee to implement green production logistics. In other words, the implementation of green production logistics will help boost automation and information progress in workshops production, and help to change coarse production model of Chinese manufacturing enterprise in order to keep up with foreign advanced production systems. Chinese manufacturing enterprises have been facing with the critical situation of energy-saving and emissions-reducing. Rational designing and managing logistics can save natural resources, human resources and energy. At the same time, greening production logistics can also reduce harmful emission to environment. As a result, constructing green production logistics system is of strategic importance to realize the targets for saving energy and reducing emissions in production process. In today’s world, international trade demand green products including green manufacturing, green packaging, green sale, recycling, and so on. Moreover, kinds of eco-labels are prescribed to represent whether the product has taken into consideration requirements of environmental protection. All these mentioned above propose higher green requirements for production logistics of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. In these circumstances, only realizing green production logistics will break green trade barriers and make production logistics really become the third profit source inside enterprises. Implementing green production logistics will make enterprises have a better social image, obtain public recognition and bring China’s manufacturing enterprises more in line with international practice, which will make enterprises gain ground in fierce market competition. III. THE ARCHITECTURE OF GREEN PRODUCTION LOGISTICS A. Green Features of Production Logistics in Manufacturing Enterprises

Production logistics take on responsibilities of transportation, storage, handling, and so onProduction logistics resources are mainly including material resources, energy,technique, informationand human resources shown in fig.2 [4]. Environmental emissions in production logistics are mainlyexhausts of motor vehicle.Material (raw material, rough, blank, etc.)MaterialSuppemntal Material (cuttingfluid, techicalquipment,e.)ResourcesProduction Equipment (machine tool, prodluiction line, etc.)Energy Resources (electic energy, fuel, etc.)Production LogisticsTechniqueResourcesInfomationHuman resourcesOthers (lands, warehouses, funds, etc.)Figure 2. Constitution of production logistics resourcesB. Ways to Realize Green Production LogisticsIn order to realize green production logistics, some measures should be considered as following1) Greenness of each link in production logistics:a) Select green transportation: The environmentally friendly transportations should be selectedand transportation range should be minimized as far as possible.b) Carry out green loading and uploading: Ways include avoiding damage to the goodseliminating ineffective handling,using reasonablymodern machinery, etc.c) Implement green storage: Ways include banning use of chemical harmful to ecologicalenvironment and constructing of modern warehouse in order to provide information support2)Greenoptimizationofproductionlogisticssystem:Green optimization including logistics path and equipment can eliminate ineffective transport andhandling, save energy, and reduce wastes to environment.3)Green process control of production logistics system:Control the production logistics from the angle of green manufacture and guide the logisticsactivities to advance towards the green direction.4) Environmental assessment of production logistics system:Choose suitable methods of green manufacturing to assess production logistics providing basis forimprovement.5) Green production logistics information system(GP-LIS):GP-LIS serve the production logistics combining with craft process and lay thefoundation for realization of green production system.C.The architecture of green production logisticsBased on the analysis mentioned above, the paper proposes the architecture of green production

Production logistics take on responsibilities of transportation, storage, handling, and so on. Production logistics resources are mainly including material resources, energy, technique, information and human resources shown in fig.2 [4]. Environmental emissions in production logistics are mainly exhausts of motor vehicle. Figure 2. Constitution of production logistics resources B. Ways to Realize Green Production Logistics In order to realize green production logistics, some measures should be considered as following. 1) Greenness of each link in production logistics: a) Select green transportation: The environmentally friendly transportations should be selected and transportation range should be minimized as far as possible. b) Carry out green loading and uploading: Ways include avoiding damage to the goods, eliminating ineffective handling, using reasonably modern machinery, etc. c) Implement green storage: Ways include banning use of chemical harmful to ecological environment and constructing of modern warehouse in order to provide information support. 2) Green optimization of production logistics system: Green optimization including logistics path and equipment can eliminate ineffective transport and handling, save energy, and reduce wastes to environment. 3) Green process control of production logistics system: Control the production logistics from the angle of green manufacture and guide the logistics activities to advance towards the green direction. 4) Environmental assessment of production logistics system: Choose suitable methods of green manufacturing to assess production logistics providing basis for improvement. 5) Green production logistics information system (GP-LIS):GP-LIS serve the production logistics combining with craft process and lay the foundation for realization of green production system. C. The architecture of green production logistics Based on the analysis mentioned above, the paper proposes the architecture of green production

logistics shown in fig.3. It includes technical basis such as green process control and environmentalimpactsassessment,data supportandgreenrealization inworkshopEnvironmental Impacts AssesLogistics OptimumDesignss ControlGreetwadStevedoring[Op]OutpunnUDHOp2EnvironnOp5aSafeDispoOp3Production Conversing ProcessInner CycleDatahasefGreenProductioFigure 3. The architecture of green production logisticsIV.CONCLUSIONGreen production logistics, aiming to minimize the harm to the environment and maximize theutilization rate of the energy caused by logistics activities in production process, is very important toenhance market competition of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.The connotation and problemfields of green production logistics are introduced. The green characteristics of production logisticsare analyzed. Then, ways to implement green production logistics are discussed and its architecture isproposed. At last, an application mode is studied based on PDM, which will provide theoretical basison implementation and application of green production logistics in the workshop production ofmanufacturing enterprisesin China

logistics shown in fig.3. It includes technical basis such as green process control and environmental impacts assessment, data support and green realization in workshop. Figure 3. The architecture of green production logistics IV. CONCLUSION Green production logistics, aiming to minimize the harm to the environment and maximize the utilization rate of the energy caused by logistics activities in production process, is very important to enhance market competition of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The connotation and problem fields of green production logistics are introduced. The green characteristics of production logistics are analyzed. Then, ways to implement green production logistics are discussed and its architecture is proposed. At last, an application mode is studied based on PDM, which will provide theoretical basis on implementation and application of green production logistics in the workshop production of manufacturing enterprises in China

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Figure 4. The application mode of green production logistics