《系统工程》课程教学资源（英文文献）Design and Actualization of IoT-based Intelligent Logistics System

Design andActualization ofIoT-basedIntelligentLogistics SystemGuide Words: Internet of Things (loT); Intelligent Logistics System; logistics decision-makingAbstract: Modern logistics is represented by the supply chain management and service of enterpriseproduction and transportation, while the combination of intelligent transportation technology andlogistics management will conduce to significant improvement of logistics service.The objective ofIoT-based Intelligent Logistics System is elaborated here.After introducing the intelligent model ofsuch logistic system, its logistic framework is constructed, and the actualization and application of aRFID-based logistics tracking and management system targeting at manufacturing industry aredesigned. It highlights the key points for the systematic development of current logistics are putforward.I. INTRODUCTIONFacing with the challenges of global economic integration, as well as the rapid development ofcomputer communication and Internettechnology,therangeof logistics activities and logistics speedalso enter an unprecedented development stage, accordingly the intelligent logistics system withfeaturing high informationalization and intelligentization comes into existence. The twelfth five-yearplan raised the requirements of enhancing informationalized level completely, which specificallyrequires vigorously developing modern logistics, accelerating socialized, professional andinformationalized modern logistics service system, promoting modern logistics management andstandardized level, logistics informationalization has been very important task in the nationalinformation strategy.The present study probes into the objective and the structure of Iota-based Intelligent LogisticsSystem and designed arid-based logistics tracking and management system targeting at manufacturingindustry.Relyingonthissystem,it'spossibletoactualizesynchronizationamongproduction,logisticsand information flow, enhancing the efficiency and quality of logistics system operation, andimproving the core competitive strength of modern logistics enterprises.IL.DEMANDANALYSISA. System objectiveModern Logistics, with the core of informationalization, aims at integrating the logistics resourcesthrough sensing, communication and computer technologies so as to reduce costs and improve servicelevels

Design and Actualization of IoT-based Intelligent Logistics System Guide Words：Internet of Things (IoT); Intelligent Logistics System; logistics decision-making. Abstract：Modern logistics is represented by the supply chain management and service of enterprise production and transportation, while the combination of intelligent transportation technology and logistics management will conduce to significant improvement of logistics service. The objective of IoT-based Intelligent Logistics System is elaborated here. After introducing the intelligent model of such logistic system, its logistic framework is constructed, and the actualization and application of a RFID-based logistics tracking and management system targeting at manufacturing industry are designed. It highlights the key points for the systematic development of current logistics are put forward. I. INTRODUCTION Facing with the challenges of global economic integration, as well as the rapid development of computer communication and Internet technology, the range of logistics activities and logistics speed also enter an unprecedented development stage, accordingly the intelligent logistics system with featuring high informationalization and intelligentization comes into existence. The twelfth five-year plan raised the requirements of enhancing informationalized level completely, which specifically requires vigorously developing modern logistics, accelerating socialized, professional and informationalized modern logistics service system, promoting modern logistics management and standardized level, logistics informationalization has been very important task in the national information strategy. The present study probes into the objective and the structure of Iota-based Intelligent Logistics System and designed arid-based logistics tracking and management system targeting at manufacturing industry. Relying on this system, it’s possible to actualize synchronization among production, logistics and information flow, enhancing the efficiency and quality of logistics system operation, and improving the core competitive strength of modern logistics enterprises. II. DEMAND ANALYSIS A. System objective Modern Logistics, with the core of informationalization, aims at integrating the logistics resources through sensing, communication and computer technologies so as to reduce costs and improve service levels

Therefore,the design objective of ills is to construct an automatized, visualized, controllableintelligent,andsystematicmodernlogistic servicesystembasedonthebasictheoriesand applicabletechnologies of computer network communication, sound, light, electricity, mobile computing.GPS(Global Positioning System), GIS(Geographic Information System), and artificial intelligence,and to gather the varied information of logistics work on a real-time basis and perform intelligentanalysis and processing of these data. With this system, it is possible to actualize linkage betweenlogistics and production, complete synergism of business flow, logistics, information flow, and capitalflow, all of which will offer support to logistics managers decision making so as to providepersonalized and value-added logistics services to clients.Production BaseVehicle transportatioDeliveryDistnibution point(PurchaseDepartment)departmentheadquartersaloag theway金全TuasnglierInterface (RFID read & wite devices/Material Management Computer/IntelligennglVehicle Terminal Mode/mobile communication device)RFD/wirelessIinsnwpotleri1.LANucationnctworkomm(WIFL GPRS,GPS)-Aplealer?VehicleProdiction BaseDeliveryDelivery along theCustomeheadquarters(Purctase DepartmeottransportatiowayDistributioninqutryModslemoduleModuledepatment modalePoint Module金1鑫金servicesBustsessLabelBusimnes:BusinessBasicProcessingLeformatiorProcessingProcessingiafomationRecord librarLibraryMetbod librarAbeomality libralbraryFigure1.IntelligentlogisticssystemarchitecturediagramIntelligent logistics system consists of three layers: Interactive sensing layer, network transportlayer, application service layer and data service layer. Interactive sensing layer is responsible forgathering and convergent processing of material information, wherein a variety of technologies suchas bar code identification, intelligent image processing & identification, RFID(RadiofrequencyIdentification),WSN(wireless sensor network), GPS(Global Positioning System)an dais(AutomaticIdentification System) are used for information gathering of different logistics objects.Throughvisiting these interfaces by users, intelligent identification, tracking, positioning, management andcontrolofobjectscanbeactualizedNetwork transport layer is the channel forexchange and transmission of information and datamainly comprising Internet, LAN and wireless communication networks, internet is the core networkof internet of things (lota),while the varied wireless networks offer internet access anytime and

Therefore, the design objective of ills is to construct an automatized, visualized，controllable, intelligent, and systematic modern logistic service system based on the basic theories and applicable technologies of computer network communication, sound, light, electricity, mobile computing, GPS(Global Positioning System), GIS(Geographic Information System), and artificial intelligence, and to gather the varied information of logistics work on a real-time basis and perform intelligent analysis and processing of these data. With this system, it is possible to actualize linkage between logistics and production, complete synergism of business flow, logistics, information flow, and capital flow, all of which will offer support to logistics managers' decision making so as to provide personalized and value-added logistics services to clients. Figure 1. Intelligent logistics system architecture diagram Intelligent logistics system consists of three layers: Interactive sensing layer, network transport layer, application service layer and data service layer. Interactive sensing layer is responsible for gathering and convergent processing of material information, wherein a variety of technologies such as bar code identification, intelligent image processing & identification, RFID(Radiofrequency Identification), WSN(wireless sensor network), GPS(Global Positioning System)an dais(Automatic Identification System) are used for information gathering of different logistics objects. Through visiting these interfaces by users, intelligent identification, tracking, positioning, management and control of objects can be actualized. Network transport layer is the channel for exchange and transmission of information and data mainly comprising Internet, LAN and wireless communication networks, internet is the core network of internet of things (Iota), while the varied wireless networks offer internet access anytime and

anywhere,whilemobilecommunicationtechnologyandclustercommunicationtechnologyarewidelyused in logistics field.Application service layer is applied to the services of encapsulating system mainly includingelectronic data exchange, logistics information system and so on, with the support ofhigh-performance calculation and mass storage,responsibleforthedynamicrequest atthe interactivesensing layer and offering goof information service to clients. Here it is mainly in charge of businessservice requests of each functional module by different roles. The main technologies used include:cloud calculation, database, mass storage, information retrieval, artificial intelligence and informationsecurity protection et...ExpressionApplicationrequeFailedProcessingApplicationservicelayerPassedCalling databaseData processingFigure2.LogicjudgmentprocessApplicationservicelayerData service layer gathers databases containing different data, offering data sources for the variedapplications in the system. The system is supposed to be consisted of a label information database, abasic informationdatabase,abusinessprocessing method,and a businessprocessing record library.Usersfirstlyneedto describethedecisionproblems,and thenthesystemwill analyzeand identifybasedontheadministrationtasks of decisionproblems and thequestionsraised,accordinglybuildinguser models and implementing simplified operation of model for model assessment afterselection/optimization of models by interactive means. Eventually the solution of the model isfinished and exported.IIL.INTELLIGENTMODELThe intelligent model of Intelligent Logistics System, based on a variety of technologies such asnatural language processing & understanding, image processing, data mining, artificial intelligenceand knowledge engineering etc. Utilizes Association Rules Analysis, evolution analysis, fuzzy logicgenetic algorithm, antcolony algorithm and neural network algorithm, as well as data mining analyticmethod such as Classification, clustering, change and deviation analysis, all of which help to selectvaluable information and principles from the huge amount of data, assist with the business decisionsandfinallybringactualizationof valuestitheenterprises,realize shiftfrom businessdatatovaluablebusiness information knowledge that will conduce to the decision-makers' adjustment of market

anywhere, while mobile communication technology and cluster communication technology are widely used in logistics field. Application service layer is applied to the services of encapsulating system mainly including electronic data exchange, logistics information system and so on, with the support of high-performance calculation and mass storage, responsible for the dynamic request at the interactive sensing layer and offering goof information service to clients. Here it is mainly in charge of business service requests of each functional module by different roles. The main technologies used include: cloud calculation, database, mass storage, information retrieval, artificial intelligence and information security protection etc. Figure 2. Logic judgment process Application service layer Data service layer gathers databases containing different data, offering data sources for the varied applications in the system. The system is supposed to be consisted of a label information database, a basic information database, a business processing method, and a business processing record library. Users firstly need to describe the decision problems, and then the system will analyze and identify based on the administration tasks of decision problems and the questions raised, accordingly building user models and implementing simplified operation of model for model assessment after selection/optimization of models by interactive means. Eventually the solution of the model is finished and exported. III. INTELLIGENT MODEL The intelligent model of Intelligent Logistics System, based on a variety of technologies such as natural language processing & understanding, image processing, data mining, artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering etc. Utilizes Association Rules Analysis, evolution analysis, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, ant colony algorithm and neural network algorithm, as well as data mining analytic method such as Classification, clustering, change and deviation analysis, all of which help to select valuable information and principles from the huge amount of data, assist with the business decisions and finally bring actualization of values tithe enterprises, realize shift from business data to valuable business information knowledge that will conduce to the decision-makers' adjustment of market

strategies,fastresponses to clients'needs,reduction of risks and enhancement of decision levels aswell. Through establishment of various logistics decision-making models(logistics informationlogistics transportation,product sourcing, storage management,decision support,reverselogistics ,etc.), a math model with the least delivery frequencies, the shortest delivery time and thelowest cost is established in order to reach optimized allocation of logistics resources and to offerintegratedinformationsystemconsultationandclientservices.Finally based on the decision target, the varied granularities of the same index are reviewed fromdifferent dimensionsof the same perspective.The results are combined effectively to providefoundational data to decisions of multi-dimensional data analysis and data mining.Decision-makersDecision supportasianCoartasieTamanagementMarketingdecisionsdecisionsPerneFinancial1deeisionsStorage4OnlincAnalysismoduleData mining moduleMiscellaneousDataDatamanagementSystemBasic set口functionInitializingMiningEvaluationADatawarehouseDataDataSystemSettingIntegrationsource4Business data layerPSEAPaeSytan111SystemsystemsOther福emFigure3.IntelligentmodelframediagramIV.SYSTEMThe sensing technology of Internet of Things can significantly improve the management level ofthewholesupplychainandlogisticswork.TakingtheRFID-basedlogisticstrackingmanagementsystem for manufacturing industry as an example,thefollowing contentfocuses on the design andactualizationofILs.A.Structureof thesystemdesign

strategies, fast responses to clients' needs, reduction of risks and enhancement of decision levels as well. Through establishment of various logistics decision-making models(logistics information, logistics transportation, product sourcing, storage management, decision support, reverse logistics ,etc.), a math model with the least delivery frequencies, the shortest delivery time and the lowest cost is established in order to reach optimized allocation of logistics resources and to offer integrated information system consultation and client services. Finally based on the decision target, the varied granularities of the same index are reviewed from different dimensions of the same perspective. The results are combined effectively to provide foundational data to decisions of multi-dimensional data analysis and data mining. Figure 3. Intelligent model frame diagram IV. SYSTEM The sensing technology of Internet of Things can significantly improve the management level of the whole supply chain and logistics work. Taking the RFID-based logistics tracking management system for manufacturing industry as an example, the following content focuses on the design and actualization of ILS. A. Structure of the system design

In the systemarchitecture,combining with the management demand ofmanufacturing enterprises,athree-layerarchitectureis abstracted as shown inFigure4Entaprise-leve infomation systems likeERP,SCM,CRM,PDMqualitymanagementEnteprise-classmanagement information system interfaceRFIDLogisticsIndustrial Ethernettracking andCore businessmoduleAuxiliarymanagementoperationQualityandsystemProducticn processModulegroupProductLifePasnarnperfamanceTradkingCycleardhiveUseranalvsis aucrv3managementManagementmanagemenVehicleMaterial tradkingProductIdentificationRFIDVqueryin-processand Trackingmanagementnttracking queryqucrySystemOn-sitedataInventoryDistibutionInterfaceacquisitionmanagementmaeManagementLTMSmanapementmanagementDatabas-siteDevice-levd control system interface三Device-level cortrol systemDevice controlData acquisitionPLCdeviceaRFIDreaderFigure4.RFID-based logisticstracking&management system structureB.front-endsubsystemstructureMobileAGENTShort MessageLayer1Buffering areainterfaceMessageAGENTHuman-machineRFID★4A-InfomationSchedulingAGENT+章DatabaseActiveResponseLayer 2AGENTInterfaceAGENTLayer3MobileRFIDReaderinterfaceRFIDRFIDRFIDRead/WriteRead/WriteRead/WriteMAEmbeddedEmbeddedEmbeddedRFIDRFIDRFIDFigure 5. Mobile-Agent-based front-end subsystem structureMobile Agent technology is employed todeploythe logistics data processing work at the place

In the system architecture, combining with the management demand of manufacturing enterprises, a three-layer architecture is abstracted as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. RFID-based logistics tracking & management system structure B. front-end subsystem structure Figure 5. Mobile-Agent-based front-end subsystem structure Mobile Agent technology is employed to deploy the logistics data processing work at the place

(mobile front end)closest to the data sources so as to reduce the amount of data transferred.MobileAgent is kind of procedure which is able to carry the code, data, and execution state, and migrate inAccordancewithestablishedroutesinthenetworkbetweenthehosts,andcontinuetoimplementat a new location from the breakpoint. Mobile Agent, as a new distributed computing model, caneffectively improve network performance, reduce network traffic and improve the utilization of onlineresources.It is a promising technology as its transport mechanism of "code to the data migration“adapts existing development of network technology and networking applications.C.Backend server system architectureMobile AGENTDatabaseplatforminterfaceMobile AGENTinteractionAGENTHumargatewayUserScheduling AGENT一in-machineProductinformationMessage AGENTlibraryMessage AGENTFigure 6.Mobile AGENT-based Backend server system architectureBasedonmiddlewaretechnology,RFIDmiddlewaretechnologyisdevelopedforactualizationofaccurateoperationof bottom-layer devices,real-timeraw datacollection,datafiltering,and withtheencapsulation of typical application logic, the logistics management interface become simple andtransparent, making the whole system congruous and reliable.D.System performance indexFuzzy control theory is used for automatic regulation of the power of RFID reader, whichtherefore effectively reduces the Energy Consumption of RFID.High-performance: support accessresponse time at Millisecond levels. High availability: availability more than 99.99%, Therein, AV =MTB/(MTBF+ MTTR),where AV (Availability)indicates the availability of the system, MTBF(Mean - Time- Between - Failure) for the average interval of failures, MTTR (Mean - Time - To -Repair) is the average recovery time of failures.V.LOGISTICSCLOUDCloud computing is an important component in the Internet of Things system and featuresvery-large-scale, virtualization, multi-user, high reliability, high extendibility, and so on. It is possibleto actualize high-efficient and reliable organization, management and processing analysis of thequantitative information of lota, which are exactly required by the large-scale development and

(mobile front end) closest to the data sources so as to reduce the amount of data transferred. Mobile Agent is kind of procedure which is able to carry the code, data, and execution state, and migrate in Accordance with established routes in the network between the hosts, and continue to implement at a new location from the breakpoint. Mobile Agent, as a new distributed computing model, can effectively improve network performance, reduce network traffic and improve the utilization of online resources. It is a promising technology as its transport mechanism of "code to the data migration “adapts existing development of network technology and networking applications. C. Backend server system architecture Figure 6. Mobile AGENT-based Backend server system architecture Based on middleware technology, RFID middleware technology is developed for actualization of accurate operation of bottom-layer devices, real-time raw data collection, data filtering, and with the encapsulation of typical application logic, the logistics management interface become simple and transparent, making the whole system congruous and reliable. D. System performance index Fuzzy control theory is used for automatic regulation of the power of RFID reader, which therefore effectively reduces the Energy Consumption of RFID. High-performance: support access response time at Millisecond levels. High availability: availability more than 99.99%, Therein, AV = MTB/ (MTBF + MTTR), where AV (Availability)indicates the availability of the system, MTBF (Mean - Time- Between - Failure) for the average interval of failures, MTTR (Mean - Time - To - Repair) is the average recovery time of failures. V. LOGISTICS CLOUD Cloud computing is an important component in the Internet of Things system and features very-large-scale, virtualization, multi-user, high reliability, high extendibility, and so on. It is possible to actualize high-efficient and reliable organization, management and processing analysis of the quantitative information of Iota, which are exactly required by the large-scale development and

intelligentization of loT.[6] Logistics cloud integrates the achievements of cloudcomputing, the Internet of Things, optimizing, and intelligent analysis, and in involved in logisticsoperation management service,supply chain visibility services, related party portal services, supplychain synergetic network service, intelligent logistics mobile service and so on. Particularly in supplychain optimization, intelligent logistics cloud cangather theidle capitals in logistics industry,anddrive the growth of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises by the large ones, accordinglypromote the overall enhancement of logistics and bring benign development of the industryIntelligent logistics cloud mainly offers the following services:(1) Logistics information storage,retrieval, query, and safety protection.(2) Intelligent analysis and processing of logistics information so as to offer supports to logisticoperation and maintenance decisions such as device site selection, supply chain management, marketmanagement and analysis.(3) Common sharing of logistics software applications such as logistics planning, design andsimulation software, logistics systems intelligentmanagement software.(4) Establishment of IoT application platform for enterprises and social services, such as trackingand supervision of quality traceability,tracking of containers and goods, overall monitoring ofhazardous chemicals and so on.(5) Integrated development environment, logistics research institutes and staff can use themiddleman's devices for development, releasing and delivery of logistics business programs.VL.CONCLUSIONIoT-based intelligent logistics system can fully display the core value of IoT: Internet of thingsInternet and intelligence, and is the organic combination of intelligent transportation, logistics supplychain management,and e-commerce.The application of intelligent technology in logistics management optimization, forecasting,anddecision-making support, modeling and simulation, global logistics management will offer basis to thelogistics enterprises' reasonable positioning, precise control and decision-making, maximize thesuppliers'profit and provide the best services to thedemanders, accordinglythe enterprises'marketagility and competitiveness will be reinforced. Moreover, it will support the construction of intelligentcities with more refinery and dynamic means in management of production and living

intelligentization of IoT. [6] Logistics cloud integrates the achievements of cloud computing, the Internet of Things, optimizing, and intelligent analysis, and in involved in logistics operation management service, supply chain visibility services, related party portal services, supply chain synergetic network service, intelligent logistics mobile service and so on. Particularly in supply chain optimization, intelligent logistics cloud can gather the idle capitals in logistics industry, and drive the growth of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises by the large ones, accordingly promote the overall enhancement of logistics and bring benign development of the industry. Intelligent logistics cloud mainly offers the following services: (1) Logistics information storage, retrieval, query, and safety protection. (2) Intelligent analysis and processing of logistics information so as to offer supports to logistic operation and maintenance decisions such as device site selection, supply chain management, market management and analysis. (3) Common sharing of logistics software applications such as logistics planning, design and simulation software, logistics systems intelligent management software. (4) Establishment of IoT application platform for enterprises and social services, such as tracking and supervision of quality traceability, tracking of containers and goods, overall monitoring of hazardous chemicals and so on. (5) Integrated development environment, logistics research institutes and staff can use the middleman's devices for development, releasing and delivery of logistics business programs. VI. CONCLUSION IoT-based intelligent logistics system can fully display the core value of IoT: Internet of things, Internet and intelligence, and is the organic combination of intelligent transportation, logistics supply chain management, and e-commerce. The application of intelligent technology in logistics management optimization, forecasting, and decision-making support, modeling and simulation, global logistics management will offer basis to the logistics enterprises' reasonable positioning, precise control and decision-making, maximize the suppliers' profit and provide the best services to the demanders, accordingly the enterprises' market agility and competitiveness will be reinforced. Moreover, it will support the construction of intelligent cities with more refinery and dynamic means in management of production and living