安顺学院：《实用口译》精品课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Chapter 5 句子结构

Chapter 5 句子结构

Chapter 5 句子结构

Syntax of English Chinese English:built on the SV structure ■ Theme(S)+Rheme (V) ■( Chinese:built on meaning Topic Comment

Syntax of English & Chinese ◼ English: built on the SV structure ◼ Theme (S) + Rheme (V) ◼ Chinese: built on meaning ◼ Topic + Comment

Syntax of English Chinese English:architectural structure(营造学手法) .撇开了时间顺序而着重于空间搭架.先搭起 主语和主要动词两巨栋，然后运用各种关系词把 有关的材料组成各种关系词集结向这两巨栋前后 挂钩..”（林同济：1980） Chinese:chronicle structure(编年史手法) “.…偏重动词着眼，运用大量的动词结集，根 据时间顺序一一予以安排，甚至尽量省略关系词 以达到动词集中、动词突出的效果.”（林同济： 1980)

Syntax of English & Chinese ◼ English: architectural structure(营造学手法) ◼ “…撇开了时间顺序而着重于空间搭架…先搭起 主语和主要动词两巨栋，然后运用各种关系词把 有关的材料组成各种关系词集结向这两巨栋前后 挂钩…” （林同济：1980） ◼ Chinese: chronicle structure(编年史手法) ◼ “… 偏重动词着眼，运用大量的动词结集，根 据时间顺序一一予以安排，甚至尽量省略关系词 以达到动词集中、动词突出的效果…”（林同济： 1980）

Clauses in English Chinese 1.Adverbial clause of time eg.15 years have gone by since we last met each other. 自从我们上次见面之后，已经过了15年时间。 He just came back from Hainan yesterday, where he enjoyed a relaxing holiday after the completion of his task that he had been engaged for quite some time with the company. 他花了相当长时间完成公司的任务，结束之 后，他去海南度过非常轻松的假期，昨天才回来

Clauses in English & Chinese ◼ 1. Adverbial clause of time ◼ eg. 15 years have gone by since we last met each other. ◼ 自从我们上次见面之后，已经过了15年时间。 ◼ He just came back from Hainan yesterday, where he enjoyed a relaxing holiday after the completion of his task that he had been engaged for quite some time with the company. ◼ 他花了相当长时间完成公司的任务，结束之 后，他去海南度过非常轻松的假期，昨天才回来

Clauses in English Chinese 2.Adverbial clause of reason eg.As he was not sure what to do,he rang me for help. 因为他不知所措，就打电话向我求助。 We had to stay for one more day,for the flight was cancelled. 因为航班取消了，我们不得不多呆一天

Clauses in English & Chinese ◼ 2. Adverbial clause of reason ◼ eg. As he was not sure what to do, he rang me for help. ◼ 因为他不知所措，就打电话向我求助。 ◼ We had to stay for one more day, for the flight was cancelled. ◼ 因为航班取消了，我们不得不多呆一天

Clauses in English Chinese 3.Adverbial clause of condition eg.We'll go mountain climbing if it does not rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。 As long as we respect each other,we can coexist in peace. 只要我们互相尊重，就能和平共处

Clauses in English & Chinese ◼ 3. Adverbial clause of condition ◼ eg. We’ll go mountain climbing if it does not rain tomorrow. ◼ 如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。 ◼ As long as we respect each other, we can coexist in peace. ◼ 只要我们互相尊重，就能和平共处

Clauses in English Chinese 4.Adverbial clause of purpose eg.Let's work harder so that we may accomplish our task ahead of time 让我们更加努力工作，以便能够提前完成任 务。 We got up and set out very early in order that we would be there on time. 为了准时到达，我们很早就起床出发了

Clauses in English & Chinese ◼ 4. Adverbial clause of purpose ◼ eg. Let’s work harder so that we may accomplish our task ahead of time. ◼ 让我们更加努力工作，以便能够提前完成任 务。 ◼ We got up and set out very early in order that we would be there on time. ◼ 为了准时到达，我们很早就起床出发了

Left or Right?-Attributive English:head in the middle modifiers to both sides ● 修饰词+中心词+修饰词 Chinese:head at the end modifiers to the left 修饰词+中心词

Left or Right? － Attributive ◼ English: head in the middle ◼ modifiers to both sides ◼ 修饰词+中心词+修饰词 ◼ Chinese: head at the end ◼ modifiers to the left ◼ 修饰词+中心词

Left or Right?-Attributive ■姑娘 ■北京姑娘 漂亮的北京姑娘 ■ 年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 ■身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 ■两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 ■正看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 正面带笑容看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘

Left or Right? － Attributive ◼ 姑娘 ◼ 北京姑娘 ◼ 漂亮的北京姑娘 ◼ 年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 ◼ 身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 ◼ 两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 ◼ 正看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘 ◼ 正面带笑容看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘

Left or Right?-Attributive ■ girls ■ Beijing girls ■ pretty Beijing girls ■ young and pretty Beijing girls ■ two young and pretty Beijing girls ■ two young and pretty Beijing girls with slender figure two young and pretty Beijing girls with slender figure who are looking at us two young and pretty Beijing girls with slender figure who are looking at us,smiling

Left or Right? － Attributive ◼ girls ◼ Beijing girls ◼ pretty Beijing girls ◼ young and pretty Beijing girls ◼ two young and pretty Beijing girls ◼ two young and pretty Beijing girls with slender figure ◼ two young and pretty Beijing girls with slender figure who are looking at us ◼ two young and pretty Beijing girls with slender figure who are looking at us, smiling