武汉理工大学：《英语言学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）Some languages have different forms or you

●●● ●●● ●●● ●●自 ●●● t& pronouns Titles names English0301雷月琴

T & V Pronouns Titles & Names English 0301雷月琴

T& pronouns Some languages have different forms for"“vol French“tl/vous'. German‘ du Sie for example). These may originally hav indicated number¨vos”and:syve used for plural forms but now show different levels of formality,with"“tu” and“dl” being more familiar,“"vous” and“Sie" more polite

T & V Pronouns • Some languages have different forms for “you” • (French “tu/vous”, German “du/Sie”, for example). These may originally have indicated number (“vous” and “Sie”) used for plural forms, but now show different levels of formality, with “tu” and “du” being more familiar, “vous” and “Sie” more polite

T& pronouns In english this was shown historically by the contrast between" and thow thee. The " thou” form survives in some dialects while other familiar pronoun forms are"youse iverpool and you-d (southern USA). Where it is possible to make the distinction this is known as am here to tell a ly system of address you whY rICKEyDoGis the best dog

T & V Pronouns • In English this was shown historically by the contrast between “you” and “thou/thee”. The “thou” form survives in some dialects, while other familiar pronoun forms are “youse” (Liverpool) and “you-all” (southern USA). Where it is possible to make the distinction, this is known as a T/V system of address

T& pronouns In this system the v form is a marker of politeness or deference It may a be a marker of status with the V form used to superiors the T form to equals or inferiors forms are also used to express solidarity or intimacy. The t form is found in Shakespeare's plays, where it almost al ways shows the speaker's attitude to status and situation

T & V Pronouns • In this system the V form is a marker of politeness or deference. It may also be a marker of status, with the V form used to superiors, the T form to equals or inferiors. T forms are also used to express solidarity or intimacy. • The T form is found in Shakespeare's plays, where it almost always shows the speaker's attitude to status and situation

T& pronouns a king is"your P数 majesty or you but a peasant is o It may be an insult, as when Tybalt addresses Romeo as“thou (Romeo, thou art a Ⅴ alain?: Romeo ana 几liet,Act3, Scene3) IEO ANDJUUET e家Fee lo ha Langer

T & V Pronouns • A king is “your majesty” or “you” but a peasant is “thou”. • It may be an insult, as when Tybalt addresses Romeo as “thou” (“Romeo, thou art a villain”; Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, Scene 3)

T& pronouns It is also found in petrified or " frozen language forms, such as the stylized speech of the Society of Friends(Quakers)or other non-conformist groups like Mennonites or the Pennsylvania Amish. in orders of service and prayers. oddly many modern speakers think that"thou (being old )is more formal or courteous than you -when the reverse is the case

T & V Pronouns • It is also found in petrified or “frozen” language forms, such as the stylized speech of the Society of Friends (“Quakers”) or other non-conformist groups, like Mennonites or the Pennsylvania Amish, in orders of service and prayers. Oddly, many modern speakers think that “thou” (being “old”) is more formal or courteous than “you” - when the reverse is the case!

Titles & Names In english. we also express status and attitude through titles first names and last names. Titles are such things as Professor, Dr, Sir, Dame, Fr. Father Mr, Mrs, Miss, Rabbi, Sr. ( Sister ) and le USA, even such things as coach h and chef Note that we abbreviate some of these in writing, but not in speaking-we write "Mr. but say "mister

Titles & Names • In English, we also express status and attitude through titles, first names and last names. Titles are such things as Professor, Dr, Sir, Dame, Fr. (Father), Mr, Mrs, Miss, Rabbi, Sr. (Sister) and, in the USA, even such things as coach and chef. • Note that we abbreviate some of these in writing, but not in speaking - we write “Mr.” but say “mister

Titles & Names First names may be given names(Fred Susan) but include epithets such as chief, guv, mate, man, pal Last names are usually family names. In general, use of these on their own suggests lack of deference(Oi, Smith. )but in some contexts(public schools, the armed forces) they are norms

Titles & Names • First names may be given names (Fred, Susan) but include epithets such as chief, guv, mate, man, pal. Last names are usually family names. In general, use of these on their own suggests lack of deference (“Oi, Smith...”) but in some contexts (public schools, the armed forces) they are norms

Titles & Names If one speaker uses title and last name(tln) and the other first name fn only we infer difference in status. The social superior ( the FN speaker) may invite the inferior to use fn in response: A: Professor Cringeworthy? B:Doca‖ me cuthbert. A Lord archer? B: Please, it's Jeffrey

Titles & Names • If one speaker uses title and last name (TLN), and the other first name (FN) only, we infer difference in status. The social superior (the FN speaker) may invite the inferior to use FN in response: • A: Professor Cringeworthy? • B: Do call me Cuthbert. • A: Lord Archer? • B: Please, it's Jeffrey

Titles & Names In schools teachers use FN (or FNLN when reprimanding or being sarcastic) in speaking to pupils and receive t(Sir)or tLn ( Miss Brodie)in reply. Miss'" is addressed to women teachers, even where the speaker knows or believes them to be married

Titles & Names • In schools teachers use FN (or FNLN when reprimanding or being sarcastic) in speaking to pupils and receive T (“Sir”) or TLN (“Miss Brodie”) in reply. “Miss” is addressed to women teachers, even where the speaker knows or believes them to be married