武汉理工大学：《英语言学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）What is Pragmatics

What is Pragmatics English0304黄慧

What is Pragmatics English 0304 黄慧

What is Pragmatics We human beings are odd compared with our nearest animal relatives. Unlike them, we can say what we want when we want. All normal humans can produce and understand any number of new words and sentences Humans use the multiple options of language often without thinking. But blindly, they sometimes fall into its traps They are like spiders who exploit their webs, but themselves get caught in the sticky strands Jean aitchison

What is Pragmatics • “We human beings are odd compared with our nearest animal relatives. Unlike them, we can say what we want, when we want. All normal humans can produce and understand any number of new words and sentences. Humans use the multiple options of language often without thinking. But blindly, they sometimes fall into its traps. They are like spiders who exploit their webs, but themselves get caught in the sticky strands.” Jean Aitchison

What is Pragmatics Pragmatics studies the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others David crystal

What is Pragmatics • “Pragmatics studies the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others.” David Crystal

What is Pragmatics Pragmatics is all about the meanings between the lexis and the grammar and the phonology. Meanings are implied and the rules being followed are unspoken, unwritten ones George Keith ∵

What is Pragmatics • “Pragmatics is all about the meanings between the lexis and the grammar and the phonology...Meanings are implied and the rules being followed are unspoken, unwritten ones.” George Keith

What is Pragmatics Pragmatics is a way of investigating how sense can be made of certain texts even when, from a semantic viewpoint, the text seems to be either incomplete or to have a different meaning to what is really intended Consider a sign seen in a children,'s wear shop window Baby sale -lots of bargains". We know without asking that there are no babies are for sale -that what is for sale are items used for babies. Pragmatics allows us to investigate how this meaning beyond the words can be understood without ambiguity. The extra meaning is there not because of the semantic aspects of the words themselves but because we share certain contextual knowledge with the writer or speaker of the text

What is Pragmatics • “Pragmatics is a way of investigating how sense can be made of certain texts even when, from a semantic viewpoint, the text seems to be either incomplete or to have a different meaning to what is really intended. Consider a sign seen in a children's wear shop window: “Baby Sale - lots of bargains”. We know without asking that there are no babies are for sale - that what is for sale are items used for babies. Pragmatics allows us to investigate how this “meaning beyond the words” can be understood without ambiguity. The extra meaning is there, not because of the semantic aspects of the words themselves, but because we share certain contextual knowledge with the writer or speaker of the text

What is Pragmatics Pragmatics is an important area of study for your course a simplified way of thinking about pragmatics is to recognise, for example, that language needs to be kept interesting-a speaker or writer does not want to bore a listener or reader, for example, by being over-long or tedious. So, humans strive to find linguistic means to make a text, perhaps, shorter, more interesting, more relevant more purposeful or more personal. Pragmatics allows this Steve campsall

What is Pragmatics • “Pragmatics is an important area of study for your course. A simplified way of thinking about pragmatics is to recognise, for example, that language needs to be kept interesting - a speaker or writer does not want to bore a listener or reader, for example, by being over-long or tedious. So, humans strive to find linguistic means to make a text, perhaps, shorter, more interesting, more relevant, more purposeful or more personal. Pragmatics allows this. ” Steve Campsall

What is Pragmatics Pragmatics is a systematic way of explaining language use in context It seeks to explain aspects of meaning which cannot be found in the plain sense of words or structures, as explained by semantics As a field of language study pragmatics is fairly new. Its origins lie in philosophy of language and the american philosophical school of pragmatism. As a discipline within language science, its roots lie in the work of (Herbert)Paul Grice on conversational implicature and the cooperative principle, and on the work of Stephen Levinson, Penelope Brown and geoff Leech on politeness

What is Pragmatics • Pragmatics is a systematic way of explaining language use in context. • It seeks to explain aspects of meaning which cannot be found in the plain sense of words or structures, as explained by semantics. • As a field of language study, pragmatics is fairly new. Its origins lie in philosophy of language and the American philosophical school of pragmatism. As a discipline within language science, its roots lie in the work of (Herbert) Paul Grice on conversational implicature and the cooperative principle, and on the work of Stephen Levinson, Penelope Brown and Geoff Leech on politeness

What is Pragmatics We can illustrate how pragma atics works by an example from association football(and other field sports ). It sometimes happens that a team- mate will shout at me:“ Man on!” Semantic analysis can only go so far with this phrase

What is Pragmatics • We can illustrate how pragmatics works by an example from association football (and other field sports). It sometimes happens that a team￾mate will shout at me: “Man on!” Semantic analysis can only go so far with this phrase

What is Pragmatics For example, it can elicit different lexical meanings of the noun“man”( mankind or the human race, an individual person, a male person specifically) and the preposition"on (on top of, above, or other relationships as in on fire”,“ on heat",“ on duty”," on the fiddle” or"“ on the telly”)

What is Pragmatics • For example, it can elicit different lexical meanings of the noun “man” (mankind or the human race, an individual person, a male person specifically) and the preposition “on” (on top of, above, or other relationships as in “on fire”, “on heat”, “on duty”, “on the fiddle” or “on the telly”)

What is Pragmatics And it can also explain structural meaning and account for the way this phrase works in longer sequences such as the first man on the mOOn',“ a man on the run or‘ the man on top of the Elaphe am omnibus

What is Pragmatics • And it can also explain structural meaning, and account for the way this phrase works in longer sequences such as the “first man on the moon”, “a man on the run” or “the man on top of the Clapham omnibus