《当代英国概况》（英文版） Chapter 10 Beliefs

Chapter 10 beliefs Religious histo Around 432 Ireland converted to Christanity by St. Patrick who brought faith from rome His followers spread christianity to Wales, scotland n England, established religious centres In Ad 496-7: the Saxons of A. England were converted to Christianity by st. augustine other monks sent from Rome by pope In Ad 597: St Augustine founded the ecclesiastical capital of Canterbury

Chapter 10 Beliefs • Religious history • Around 432 Ireland converted to Christanity by St. Patrick, who brought faith from Rome • His followers spread christianity to Wales, Scotland & N. England, established religious centres • In Ad 496-7: the Saxons of A. England were converted to Christianity by St. Augustine & other monks sent from Rome by Pope • In Ad 597: St Augustine founded the ecclesiastical capital of Canterbury

Connection between church and the state The hierarchical example of the Christian church would support their royal authority The church also provided educated advisers &e administrators, through whom the kings would control their kingdoms more efficiently

Connection between church and the state • The hierarchical example of the Christian church would support their royal authority • The church also provided educated advisers & administrators, through whom the kings would control their kingdoms more efficiently

In Ad 663: all the churches agreed to accept the roman Catholic form of worship Christianity became a central influential force in national life Church was an essential part not only of religious culture but also of administration, law and government Church remained a part of the roman Catholic faith was based on the traditional hierarcy of monks, priests bishops archbishops The English kings maintained their allegiance to rome he pope in spiritual matters

• In Ad 663: all the churches agreed to accept the Roman Catholic form of worship • Christianity became a central & influential force in national life • Church was an essential part not only of religious culture but also of administration, law and government • Church remained a part of the Roman Catholic faith & was based on the traditional hierarcy of monks, priests, bishops & archbishops • The English kings maintained their allegiance to Rome & the Pope in spiritual matters

Conflicts division between the 2 branches of Christianity Relationship between England and rome became difficult By the 16th century: the breaking poi Reasons: English monarchs 1. -- were jealous of the expanded power and wealth of the english church 2.- resented the dominant influence of rome in national affairs 3.- Henry Ill, then, argued(a)he, not the pope: the supreme legal authority, (b) English church its courts should owe their allegiance only to him

Conflicts & division between the 2 branches of Christianity • Relationship between England and Rome became difficult • By the 16th century: the breaking point • Reasons: English monarchs 1. --- were jealous of the expanded power and wealth of the English church 2.--- resented the dominant influence of Rome in national affairs 3.--- Henry III, then , argued (a) he, not the pope : the supreme legal authority, (b) English church & its courts should owe their allegiance only to him

The reformation Immediate Causes Merchant wealth challenged the churchs view of usury. German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the church The Churchs great political power and wealth caused conflict Church corruption and the sale of the indulgences were widespread and caused conflict

The Reformation • Immediate Causes • • Merchant wealth challenged the church’s view of • usury. • • German and English nobility disliked Italian • domination of the Church. • • The Church’s great political power and wealth • caused conflict. • • Church corruption and the sale of the indulgences • were widespread and caused conflict

The reformers Martin Luther Believed in salvation by faith alone Posted the 95 theses Led the movement that gave birth to the protestant Church John caly Believed in predestination Expanded protestant movement King Henry VIll Dismissed authority of the popes in rome Divorced broke with the Catholic Church Formed the Church of England

The Reformers • Martin Luther • • Believed in salvation by faith alone • • Posted the 95 theses • • Led the movement that gave birth to the Protestant • Church • John Calvin • • Believed in predestination • • Expanded Protestant movement • King Henry VIII • • Dismissed authority of the popes in Rome • • Divorced, broke with the Catholic Church • Formed the Church of England

Immediate results England Elizabeth i ended bloodshed united British Isles under the anglican Church Rise of reformation contributed to the growth of capitalism

Immediate Results England • Elizabeth I – – ended bloodshed – – united British Isles under the Anglican Church. • Rise of Reformation contributed to the • growth of capitalism

Immediate results Germany North: Princes converted to protestantism ending papal authority in their states Hapsburg family remained Catholic War between protestants and catholics resulted in devastating loss(Thirty Years War)

Immediate Results • Germany • North: Princes converted to Protestantism, • ending papal authority in their states. • Hapsburg family remained Catholic. • War between Protestants and Catholics • resulted in devastating loss (Thirty Years’ • War)

Counter-Reformation Catholic Church mounted reforms to reassert its authority (reforms agreed to at the council of trent Society of Jesus- The Jesuits-was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world The Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine

Counter-Reformation • Catholic Church mounted reforms to • reassert its authority (Reforms agreed to at • the Council of Trent). • Society of Jesus – The Jesuits – was • founded to spread Catholic doctrine around • the world. • The Inquisition was established to • reinforce Catholic doctrine

Long-Term Results Changing cultural values and traditions Growth of secularism Growth of individualism Growth of religious tolerance

Long-Term Results • Changing cultural values and traditions – Growth of secularism – Growth of individualism – Growth of religious tolerance