扬州大学：《组织胚胎学》课程教学课件（讲稿）神经组织 Nervous tissue

NERVETISSUEOrNERVOUSTISSUEHongya SunYangzhou University

NERVE TISSUE Or NERVOUS TISSUE Hongya Sun Yangzhou University

OBJECTIVESThe cell types that make up nervous tissueGeneralstructuralfeatures,distribution,classifi-cation and function of neuronsThestructuralcomponents,micro-and ultra-structuralfeatures,functionand classificationof synapseThestructuralfeatures,classificationandfunction ofglial cells+The classificationand organizationofnervefibers andnervesThestructuralfeatures andclassificationof nervesendings

OBJECTIVES  The cell types that make up nervous tissue.  General structural features, distribution, classifi- cation and function of neurons  The structural components, micro- and ultra-structural features, function and classification of synapse  The structural features, classification and function of glial cells  The classification and organization of nerve fibers and nerves  The structural features and classification of nerves endings

1.GeneralcharacteristicsNervecells(NeuronsComponentsGlial cells (Neuroglia)General function:Neuron----Accept stimuli and conduct nerve impulsesNeuroglia----support, protect and nourish neuron

Components Nerve cells (Neurons) Glial cells (Neuroglia) General function: Neuron- Accept stimuli and conduct nerve impulses Neuroglia-support, protect and nourish neuron 1. General characteristics

2.NeuronsKEYPOINTSA. Morphology of neuronsB. Structure features of cell body(or neuron's soma )C. The structures of the processesD. Classification of neuron

2. Neurons KEY POINTS A. Morphology of neurons B. Structure features of cell body (or neuron’s soma ) C. The structures of the processes D. Classification of neuron

2.NeuronsA. Morphology of neuronsmembraneperikaryonCell body (soma)nucleusTwo partsDendrites(likebranchesoftree)ProcessesAxon(long thin cord-liked)

A. Morphology of neurons Two parts Cell body (soma) Processes Dendrites Axon membrane perikaryon nucleus (like branches of tree) (long thin cord-liked) 2. Neurons

2.NeuronsB. Structure features of cell bodyShape--spherical,pyramidalfusiformorirregularinshape(5um-150um)membrane-membraneproteins-ionchannelsandreceptor--unitmembrane-irritability,receivestimuliinitiateandconductnerveimpulseNucleus(LM)--Large, spherical--lnthe centerof cell body--Pale-staining--Prominentnucleolus

B. Structure features of cell body membrane Nucleus(LM) -Large, spherical -In the center of cell body -Pale-staining -Prominent nucleolus Shape -unit membrane-irritability, receive stimuli, initiate and conduct nerve impulse -membrane proteins-ion channels and receptor -spherical, pyramidal ,fusiform or irregular in shape(5um-150um) 2. Neurons

Purkinje cellNeuronofPyramidalcell(cerebralcortex)(cerebellum)opticalareaCentral neuronoftheautonomicnervoussystemHypophysealsecretingneuronSpinal cordGanglionicneuronmotorneuronoftheautonomicnervoussystemBipolarPseudounipolarneuronsneuronDiagramsofseveraltypesofneuronsBACK

Diagrams of several types of neurons

2.NeuronsB. Structure features of cell bodyCytoplasm(perikaryon)a.Nissbody(chromophil substance)LM: basophilic spot-liked or granulelikedstructureEM:parallelly-arrangedroughendoplasmicreticulumandfreeribosomefunction:synthesisofproteinsstructuralproteinEnzymes(relatedtothe productionofneurotransmitters)

a. Nissl body(chromophil substance) LM: basophilic spot-liked or granule￾liked structure EM: parallelly-arranged rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosome function: synthesis of proteins structural protein Enzymes(related to the production of neurotransmitters) Cytoplasm(perikaryon) 2. Neurons B. Structure features of cell body

2.NeuronsB. Structure features of cell bodyCytoplasm(perikaryon)b.NeurofibrilLM:bysilverimpregnationmethods,there are manythread-liked dark brownstructuretoforma network

LM: by silver impregnation methods, there are many t h r e a d -l i k e d d a r k b r o w n structure to form a network. b. Neurofibril Cytoplasm(perikaryon) 2. Neurons B. Structure features of cell body

MtNeurofilamentEM:*neurofilament:10nmindiameter*microtubule: 25 nm in diameterfunction:supporttheneurons asacell skeletoninvolvedinintracellulartransportation

EM: neurofilament: 10 nm in diameter microtubule: 25 nm in diameter function: support the neurons as a cell skeleton involved in intracellular transportation