扬州大学：《组织胚胎学》课程教学课件（讲稿）血液 Blood

BLOODHongya SunYangzhou University

1 BLOOD Hongya Sun Yangzhou University

OBJECTIVESMasterthefollowingknowledgeThe compositionofthebloodThe classification,structureand function of peripheral blood cells(includingerythrocyte,leukocyteandthrombocyteorplatelet)The characteristics of morphology and normal value ofreticulocyteKnow the followingknowledgeHistological structureandfunctionof red bone marrowThefeaturesofhematopoieticstemcellandhematopoieticprogenitorcellDifferentiationand morphologic changes ofhematopoietic cells inhematopoiesis

2 OBJECTIVES v Master the following knowledge l The composition of the blood l The classification, structure and function of peripheral blood cells (including erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte or platelet) l The characteristics of morphology and normal value of reticulocyte v Know the following knowledge l Histological structure and function of red bone marrow l The features of hematopoietic stem cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell l Differentiation and morphologic changes of hematopoietic cells in hematopoiesis

I.BLOOD

3 Ⅰ.BLOOD

1.Introductiona specialized form of connectivetissue*a circulatingtissueasatransportingmediumThe total volume is about 5 liters inhealth adult (There are about 4.8 liters in awoman and 5.5 liters in a man.)

4 1. Introduction v a specialized form of connective tissue v a circulating tissue v as a transporting medium v The total volume is about 5 liters in health adult (There are about 4.8 liters in a woman and 5.5 liters in a man. )

Components of bloodBlood consists ofcells anda protein-richfluid called plasmaA. Formed elements --blood cells (45%)Erythrocytes(redbloodcells)Leukocytes(whitebloodcells)*Platelets (thrombocytes)B. Extracellular matrix --plasma (55%)·SerumXFibrinogen

5  Components of blood Blood consists of cells and a protein-rich fluid called plasma A. Formed elements -blood cells (45%) v Erythrocytes (red blood cells) v Leukocytes (white blood cells) v Platelets (thrombocytes) B. Extracellular matrix -plasma (55%) v Serum v Fibrinogen

Functions ofthe blood(1) Transport through the body ofoxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)?* nutrientsmetaboliteshormones, etc(2) Defense of the body against infections and otherforeign materials.(3) Participates in regulation of the body temperature(4)Maintenanceofacid-basebalanceandosmoticbalance (cellular homeostasis)6

6  Functions of the blood (1) Transport through the body of v oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) v nutrients v metabolites v hormones, etc (2) Defense of the body against infections and other foreign materials. (3) Participates in regulation of the body temperature (4) Maintenance of acid-base balance and osmotic balance (cellular homeostasis)

I.Erythrocytes,redbloodcellsThe normal concentrationinthe blood-Males:4.0-5.5×1012/L-Females: 3.5-5.0×1012/L·RBCs↑-maybephysiologicadaptationse.g. People live at high altitudes where O2 tension is low.RBCsI-isusuallyassociatedwithanemiaSEM

7 Ⅰ. Erythrocytes , red blood cells v The normal concentration in the blood -Males: 4.0-5.5×1012/L -Females: 3.5-5.0×1012/L v RBCs↑ -may be physiologic adaptations e.g. People live at high altitudes where o2 tension is low. v RBCs↓ -is usually associated with anemia. SEM

I. Erythrocytes , red blood cellsStructureXA.Biconcavedisks inshape--7.5μm in diameter2.0μm--2.6μm thick at the rimSideview--0.8μm thick in the centerB.Without nuclei and organelles7.5μmTopviewBloodsmear

8 Ⅰ. Erythrocytes , red blood cells v Structure A. Biconcave disks in shape -7.5µm in diameter -2.6µm thick at the rim -0.8µm thick in the center B. Without nuclei and organelles Blood smear

MGEScanningelectronmicrographof normal blood cellsNotetheirbiconcaveof erythrocytes.(E)

9 图2 血细胞扫描电镜图(E红细胞 G粒细胞 L淋巴细胞 M单核细胞 P血小板) v Scanning electron micrograph of normal blood cells. v Note their biconcave of erythrocytes.(E)

Erythrocyteswithdiametersgreaterthan9μmarecalledmacrocytesthose with diameters less than 6um are calledmicrocytes.The presence of a high percentage of erythrocyteswith great variation in size is called anisocytosis10

10 v Erythrocytes with diameters greater than 9µm are called macrocytes v those with diameters less than 6µm are called microcytes. v The presence of a high percentage of erythrocytes with great variation in size is called anisocytosis