扬州大学：《生理学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第一章 绪论 Introdution-2/3

WELCOMETOHumanPhysiology(LECTURESESSION)Department of PhysiologyYangzhou University School of MedicineSpring2020

WELCOME TO Human Physiology (LECTURE SESSION) Department of Physiology Yangzhou University School of Medicine Spring 2020

Living Organism Comes froma Single Cell:Fertilized EggBlastocystTotipotentMorulaOocyteHumanFetusSpermPluripotentInnerMassCellsfEmbtyonie Stem Ce小Examples:福ImmuneSystemCirculatorySystemNervousSystemUnipotent

Living Organism Comes from a Single Cell: Fertilized Egg

Stem Cell BiologyNationality JapaneseFieldsstemcell research1]12][3]InstitutionsKyotoUniversityGladstoneInstituteofCardiovascularDiseaseAlmaKobeUniversitymaterOsaka CityUniversityGladstone Institute ofJamesThomsonandShinyaYamanakaCardiovascularDiseaseKnownforInducedPluripotentStemCellNotableRobertKochPrize(2008)awardsShawPrize(2008)JamesAlexanderThomson(bornDecemberGairdner Foundation20,1958)isanAmericandevelopmentalIntermationalAward(2009)AlbertLaskerBasicMedicalbiologistbestknownforderivingthefirstResearchAward(2009)humanembryonicstem(ES)celllinein1998BBVAFoundationFrontiersofKnowledgeAward(2010)[1] andforderivinghuman induced pluripotentWolfPrize(2011)stem(iPS)cells in2007.[2]FellowoftheNationalAcademyofSciences/4)(2012)MillenniumTechnologyPrize(2012)

Stem Cell Biology

EmbryonicStemCellsvsInducedPluripotentStemCellsFertilizedeggSkinfibroblasts,etc.IsolatedandculturedDifferentiationBlastocystinductionIntroductionofparticulargenesand cell cultureEScellsiPScellsHematopoieticstemcellsErythrocyteErythrocyteprecursor line can becul-precursorlineturedandpropa-gated in vitro nearlypermanentlyErythrocytesEnucleationEnucleatedmatureerythrocytes

Embryonic Stem Cells vs Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

ProductionofmiceusingiPScellsandtetraploidcomplementationXiao-YangZhao'4,ZhuoLvl4,WeiLil4,FanyiZeng&QiZhou'StateKeyLaboratoryofReproductiveBiologyInstituteofZoology,ChineseAcademyfSciences,Beijing,China.InstituteofMedicalGenetics,Shanghai JiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai,China.nstituteofMedicalScience,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityShanghai,China.GraduateSchoolofChinseAcademyofSciences,BeijinChina.Correspondence shouldbeaddressedtoQ.Z.(qzhou@ioz.ac.cn)andF.Z.(fzeng@sjtu.edu.cn)

WhyisiPSCellResearchsoInteresting?Mousewith8sickle cell anemiaTransplantCollectskincells2DifferentiateintobloodstemcellsRedBloodCells6GeneticallyRecoveredmousecorrectediPScellsOct4,Sox2KIf4,c-Myc3ReprogramVirusesintoES like-iPScellsCorrectmutation5GeneticallyidenticaliPScellsMlustrationbyTomDiCesare4

Why is iPS Cell Research so Interesting? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ThePotential ofiPSResearchNormalembryodevelopment·SkinfibroblastsDiseasemodels·BloodcellsDrug screening·Hairkeratinocytes??cell therapyALSAATAizheimer's00Cystic FibrosisDiabetes3IBDParkinson'sCancerOct4cMyoK1f4Sox2Transduction/TransfectioniPScellsALS:Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis;IBD:Inflammatoryboweldisease

ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease

Thecell cycle,orcell-divisioncycle,istheseries of events that take place in a cell leading toitsdivisionandduplication(replication)

MitoticDivisionofCellThochromatidsare+cytoplasmheldtogetheratthecentromere+nucleuschromosamereplicationtchromosomosalignmentandseparationofchromatids;thenuclearcentromoremombranedisappearschromatidchromatid川spindles Irom centriolespull the chromatidsapar,Centriolesarepartofcelfscentrosomos.centriolecytokinesisMITOTICDIVISION OF CELL

Mitotic Division of Cell

ChromosomeDAdoubehetsmest,mais a double-stranded helical业业业structureofDNA2DNAis complexedTelomeres3Eachnucleosomeconsistsof4Achromatosome consistswithhistonestoeighthistoneproteinsaroundofanudeosome plusthewhichtheDNAwraps1.65times.H1histone.form nudeosomesHistoneHIOrange-coloredNucleosomecore ofregions indicateeighthistonemoleculesCentromer11nmheterochromatin,G..thatformsloopsaveragingChromatosome5Thenuclecsomesfoldup1o300nminlengthproducea30-nmfiber..Euchromatin30nm7The300-nm fibersarecompressedandfoldedto8Tightcollngofthe250-nm250-nm-widefberproducea 250-nm-widefiberfiberproducesthechromatidofachromosome71400nm700nmAchromosome is anorganized structureof DNA andproteinfoundin cells.It is asinglepiece of coiledDNA containingmanygenes,regulatoryelementsandothernucleotidesequences.ChromosomesalsocontainDNA-boundproteins,whichservetopackagetheDNAandcontrolitsfunctions

Chromosome