扬州大学：《生理学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第十章 神经生理 Nervous System Section B Synapses

揚州大学Chapter 10. Nervous SystemAll figures are from internet, textbooks and papers, all rights reserved to the originalauthors

Chapter 10. Nervous System All figures are from internet, textbooks and papers, all rights reserved to the original authors

ParietalCeritralobosulcusOutlineOocipitallobowoftheNervousSystemSectionA.Structure and Function of NeuronsSynapsesSpinaControlofBodyMovementctasrootsDorsaAutonomicNervousSystemMrscleverwHigherFunctionof Nervous SystVer

Outline • Overview of the Nervous System • Section A. Structure and Function of Neurons • Synapses • Control of Body Movement • Autonomic Nervous System • Higher Function of Nervous System

SummarizeDendriteCellbodyMitochondrion-NisslsubstanceAfferentneuronAxonhillockAxonNrleInterneuronsOligodendracyteEnarocndeaoaptlEfferentneuronMicrogliaCopytight@2004.Pearson Education,inc-publishing as Benianin.CummingsBloodvesselAstiecytennd-ferwraparundthebloodvesse

Summarize Afferent neuron Efferent neuron Interneurons

How neurons communicate with each other?AxonRe-uptakeproteinSynapseDIOV1Dendrit

How neurons communicate with each other?

ParietalCeritrallobosulcusOutlineOccipitallobowoftheNervousSystemTtoaStructureandFunctionofNeurons? Section B. SynapsesControlofBodyMovementSpinaAutonomicNervousSystemctasrootDorsaHigherFunctionof Nervous SytmMrscleNerwVer

Outline • Overview of the Nervous System • Structure and Function of Neurons • Section B. Synapses • Control of Body Movement • Autonomic Nervous System • Higher Function of Nervous System

Section B. SynapsesIntroductionof SynapsesEPSP and IPSPSynaptic Integration and Synaptic StrengthNeurotransmitters and NeuromodulatorsActionpotential6SResponseof cell2011PearsonEducation,inc

Section B. Synapses • Introduction of Synapses • EPSP and IPSP • Synaptic Integration and Synaptic Strength • Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators

Introduction of Synapses·A structurepermitting a neuron to pass an electricalor chemicalsignalto another.Axon/DendritepresynapticSpinesynapseDendriteShaftsynapseExtracellularspacepostsynapticAxonCell body/Axon/DendriteAxodendriticAxosomaticAxo-axonicsynapsessynapsessynapse

Introduction of Synapses • Axon/Dendrite • Extracellular space • Cell body /Axon/Dendrite presynaptic postsynaptic • A structure permitting a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another

Types of Synapsespresynapticpostsynapticchemical+ResponselectricalactionpotentialsignalChemicalsynapsesElectricalsynapses(Gapjunctions)electricalelectrical

Types of Synapses

Functional Anatomy of Chemical SynapsesPresynapticneuron·Chemical Synapse-PresynapticmembraneTerminalsynapticvesicles-neurotransmitter- Synaptic cleftPostsynapticVesicleneuron10to20nmspace880CMHKSEMitochondrion-Postsynapticmembrane8.8receptors,hydrolyticenzymes福ReleasedneurotransmittermoleculesSynapticcleftPostsynapticmembranecontaining receptors

Functional Anatomy of Chemical Synapses • Chemical Synapse -Presynaptic membrane synaptic vesicles- neurotransmitter - Synaptic cleft 10 to 20nm space - Postsynaptic membrane receptors, hydrolytic enzymes

Release of Neurotransmitter(a)OActionpotential?Voltage-gated Ca2reachesterminalchannelsopenVoltage-gated-AxonterminalCa2channelCa2-Synapticvesicles-Active③CalciumenterszoneaxonterminalNeurotransmitterisreleasedandCa2diffuses into theV-SNAREcleft.'t-SNARENeurotransmitterNeurotransmitterbindsremovedfromtopostsynapticreceptorssynaptic cleft·Direct-ReuptakePostsynaptic cell·Indirect(Gprotein)·Diffuse away·Enzymaticallytransformedforreuse

Release of Neurotransmitter •Direct •Indirect (G protein) •Reuptake •Diffuse away •Enzymatically transformed for reuse •v-SNARE •t-SNARE