扬州大学：《妇产科学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）04 妊娠生理变化 Physiology of Pregnancy

Physiology of Pregnancy

Physiology of Pregnancy

Normal PregnancyPregnancyThe course that the embryo and thefetus grow in the maternal bodyStages of pregnancyEarlypregnancy:≤12weeks2Mid pregnancy: ≥13 weeks,≤27 weeks3.Late pregnancy:≥28 weeks4. Term pregnancy:≥37 weeks,<42 weeks

Normal Pregnancy • Pregnancy The course that the embryo and the fetus grow in the maternal body • Stages of pregnancy 1. Early pregnancy: ≤12 weeks 2. Mid pregnancy: ≥13 weeks,≤27 weeks 3. Late pregnancy:≥28 weeks 4. Term pregnancy:≥37 weeks,<42 weeks

Formation of EmbryoFertilization1.Place: oviduct (ampulla)2. Processcapacitation →acrosome reactionpenetrate the zona pellucidasecond meiosis →zygote

Formation of Embryo • Fertilization 1. Place: oviduct (ampulla) 2. Process capacitation → acrosome reaction→ penetrate the zona pellucida→ second meiosis →zygote

Formation of EmbryoImplantation1. requirement1) Disappear of zona pellucida2)Formation of syncytiotrophoblast3)Synchronized development ofblastocyst and endometrium4Adequate progesterone

Formation of Embryo • Implantation 1. requirement 1) Disappear of zona pellucida 2) Formation of syncytiotrophoblast 3) Synchronized development of blastocyst and endometrium 4) Adequate progesterone

Formation of Embryo2. Process1) morula (day 3) → enter uterinecavity (day 4) → earlyblastocyst→ late blastocyst(day 6-7) → implantation2) location→ adherence→penetration

Formation of Embryo 2. Process 1) morula (day 3) → enter uterine cavity (day 4) → early blastocyst→ late blastocyst (day 6-7) → implantation 2) location→ adherence→ penetration

Development of embryo and fetusDefinition1. embryo: ≤ 8 weeks2..Fetus: ≥ 9 weeks, humanshape

Development of embryo and fetus • Definition 1. embryo: ≤ 8 weeks 2. Fetus: ≥ 9 weeks, human shape

Development of embryo and fetusPhysiology of fetus1. Circulation1) fetus ←→placenta←→ mater2) 1 umbilical vein (full of oxygen)2 umbilical artery (lack ofoxygen)3)Mixed blood (vein and artery)

Development of embryo and fetus • Physiology of fetus 1. Circulation 1) fetus ←→placenta←→ mater 2) 1 umbilical vein (full of oxygen), 2 umbilical artery (lack of oxygen) 3) Mixed blood (vein and artery)

HeadDuctusarsarteriossSUOAortasanacaaPulmonayarteyForamenPulntonayovaleRAveinPulmonaryLungveininferiorvena cavaLiverDuctusvenosusUmbilicalveinUmbilicalPlacentaarteeyAbdvisceratrunklowe

Development of embryo and fetus

Development of embryoand fetus2. Hematology1)ErythropoiesisFrom yolk sac: 3 weeksFrom liver: 10 weeksFrom bone marrow and spleen:term (90%)EPO production: 32nd week

Development of embryo and fetus 2. Hematology 1) Erythropoiesis From yolk sac: 3 weeks From liver: 10 weeks From bone marrow and spleen: term (90%) EPO production: 32nd week

Development of embryo and fetus2) Fetal hemoglobinFetal hemoglobin: early pregnancyAdult hemoglobin: 32nd weekTerm: fetal type Hb 25%3) White cellsLeukocytes: 8 weekLymphocytes (antibodyproduction):12week, thymus and spleen

Development of embryo and fetus 2) Fetal hemoglobin Fetal hemoglobin: early pregnancy Adult hemoglobin: 32nd week Term: fetal type Hb 25% 3) White cells Leukocytes: 8 week Lymphocytes (antibody production): 12 week, thymus and spleen