《组织行为学 Organization Behavior》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）Effective Organization

Organizational behavior Organizational structure and Human resource policies

Organizational Behavior Organizational Structure and Human Resource Policies

Organization design The process of assessing and selecting the structure and formal system of communication, division of labor (work specialization), coordination, control authority, and responsibility to achieve an organizations goals

Organization Design • The process of assessing and selecting the structure and formal system of communication, division of labor (work specialization), coordination, control, authority, and responsibility to achieve an organization’s goals

Effective Organization mplements an organizations strategy in a manner which satisfies the needs of its multiple stakeholders-customers shareholders, and employees Must be aligned fit with the strategy, situation, and objectives of stakeholders

Effective Organization • Implements an organization’s strategy in a manner which satisfies the needs of its multiple stakeholders – customers, shareholders, and employees. • Must be aligned “fit” with the strategy, situation, and objectives of stakeholders

Organizational alignment Fit Strategy Structure -tasks, specialization, authority Systems- processes and procedures Staffing- people and competencies Skills -distinctive competencies Style-leadership and operating Shared Values- guiding principles

Organizational Alignment “Fit” • Strategy • Structure – tasks, specialization, authority • Systems – processes and procedures • Staffing – people and competencies • Skills – distinctive competencies • Style – leadership and operating • Shared Values – guiding principles

Organizational structure How jobs tasks are formally divided grouped and coordinated Work specialization Departmentalization Chain and Unity of command Span of control Centralization versus decentralization

Organizational Structure • How jobs tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated – Work specialization – Departmentalization – Chain and Unity of command – Span of control – Centralization versus decentralization

Work specialization The degree to which tasks are subdivided Into separate jobs Efficient use of employee skills Increases employee skills through repetition Less downtime between jobs Allows use of specialized equipment

Work Specialization • The degree to which tasks are subdivided into separate jobs – Efficient use of employee skills – Increases employee skills through repetition – Less downtime between jobs – Allows use of specialized equipment

Departmentalization The basis by which jobs are grouped together Function Product Geography Process Customer

Departmentalization • The basis by which jobs are grouped together – Function – Product – Geography – Process – Customer

Chain and Unity of Command The chain of command is the unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest level and clarifies who reports to whom The unity of command states that subordinate should have only one superior to whom he or she is directly responsible

Chain and Unity of Command • The chain of command is the unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest level and clarifies who reports to whom • The unity of command states that subordinate should have only one superior to whom he or she is directly responsible

Span of control The number of subordinates a manager can efficiently and effectively direct Narrow span of control Additional layers of management Increased complexity of vertical communication Tight supervision Discouragement of employee autonomy

Span of Control • The number of subordinates a manager can efficiently and effectively direct • Narrow span of control – Additional layers of management – Increased complexity of vertical communication – Tight supervision – Discouragement of employee autonomy

Centralization The degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization

Centralization • The degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization