《食品化学与分析 Food Chemistry and Analysis》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Lipid.ppt_大学文库

LIPID Soluble in non-polar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents. Lipid is not polymers. Lipids: 1. Fatty acids 2. Neutral fats and oils 3. Waxes 4. Phospholipid 5. Sterols 6. Fat soluble vitamins

Fatty Acids O R C OH #1 Carbon Acid Group O R C OH Non-polar End - Hydrophobic End (Fat-soluble tail) Polar End - Hydrophilic End

Saturated Fatty Acids CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C OH O 4 2 1 8 7 6 5 3 Octanoic Acid

Unsaturated Fatty Acids CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C OH O 4 2 1 8 7 6 5 3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C OH O 4 2 1 8 7 6 5 3 3 - Octenoic Acid 3, 6 - Octadienoic Acid Short hand: 8:1 (D3) 8:2 (D3,6)

Cis 9 - Octadecenoic Acid (oleic) Trans 9 - Octadecenoic Acid (elaidic acid) O CH3 (CH2 ) 7 C C (CH2 ) 7 C OH H H 10 9 O CH3 (CH2 ) 7 C C (CH2 ) 7 C OH H H Cis And Trans Fatty Acids

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Linoleic acid: Cis, cis, 9, 12 - Octadecadienoic acid Linolenic acid: Cis, cis, cis 9, 12, 15 - Octadecatrienoic acid Arachidonic acid: Cis, cis, cis, cis 5, 8, 11, 14 - Eicosatetraenoic acid Linoleic Acid Linolenic Acid Arachidonic Acid

Naturally-occurring fatty acids R CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH CH2 C OH O 7 6 5 4 3 1. Cis form 2. Not conjugated - isolated double bond. 3. Even numbered fatty acids

CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS PRESENT AS GLYCERIDES IN FOOD FATS I. Saturated Fatty Acids Butyric Butanoic CH3(CH2)2COOH butterfat Caproic Hexanoic CH3(CH2)4COOH butterfat, coconut and palm nut oils Caprylic Octanoic CH3(CH2)6COOH coconut and palm nut oils, butterfat Capric Decanoic CH3(CH2)8COOH coconut and palm nut oils, butterfat Lauric Dodecanoic CH3(CH2)10COOH coconut and palm nut oils, butterfat Myristic Tetradecanoic CH3(CH2)12COOH coconut and Palm nut oil, most animal and plant fats Palmitic Hexadecanoic CH3(CH2)14COOH practically all animal and plant fats Stearic Octadecanoic CH3(CH2)16COOH animal fats and minor component of plant fats Arachidic Eicosanoic CH3(CH2)18COOH peanut oil Common Name Systematic Name Formula Common source

Common Name Systematic Name Formula Common source II. Unsaturated Fatty Acids A. Monoethenoic Acids Oleic Cis 9-octadecenoic C17H33COOH plant and animal fats Elaidic Trans 9-Octadecenoic C17H33COOH animal fats B. Diethenoic Acids Linoleic 9,12-Octadecadienoic C17H31COOH peanut, linseed, and cottonseed oils C. Triethenoid Acids Linolenic 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic C17H29COOH linseed and other seed oils Eleostearic 9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic C17H29COOH peanut seed fats D. Tetraethenoid Acids Moroctic 4,8,12,15- Octadecatetraenoic C17H27COOH fish oils Arachidonic 5,8,11,14- Eicosatetraenoic C19H31COOH traces in animal fats

Common and Systematic Names of Fatty Acids Common Name Systematic Name Formula Common source A. Monoethenoic Acids Oleic Cis 9-octadecenoic C17H33COOH plant and animal fats Elaidic Trans 9-Octadecenoic C17H33COOH animal fats B. Diethenoic Acids Linoleic 9,12-Octadecadienoic C17H31COOH peanut, linseed, and cottonseed oils C. Triethenoid Acids Linolenic 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic C17H29COOH linseed and other seed oils Eleostearic 9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic C17H29COOH peanut seed fats D. Tetraethenoid Acids Moroctic 4,8,12,15- Octadecatetraenoic C17H27COOH fish oils Arachidonic 5,8,11,14- Eicosatetraenoic C19H31COOH traces in animal fats