《大学英语》课程教学资源（写作技巧）论段落的展开3/6

论段落的展开3写在前面段落的展开是有章可循的，现在不是流行一句话叫做“一切都是套路”，这尤其适用于段落的写作。下面就是段落展开常用的套路。对于基础阶段的写作来说，先掌握以下的段落展开方法足矣。段落写作的步骤段落需要事先设计好：首先，要定下一个主题或一个中心意思，并用一句完整的话表达出来（即主题句）；其次，选择有助于阐述这一中心意思的细节、例子或事实最后，把这些细节按逻辑序排好，有了这个大纲，段落的初稿就完成了一半。例如写一个关于集邮的段落。主题句已给出：Philately isan interestinghobby可以按照下面几点展开：

论段落的展开 3 写在前面 段落的展开是有章可循的，现在不是流行一句话叫做“一切都是套路”， 这尤其适用于段落的写作。下面就是段落展开常用的套路。对于基础阶段 的写作来说，先掌握以下的段落展开方法足矣。 段落写作的步骤 段落需要事先设计好：  首先，要定下一个主题或一个中心意思，并用一句完整的话表达出来 （即主题句）；  其次，选择有助于阐述这一中心意思的细节、例子或事实；  最后，把这些细节按逻辑序排好，有了这个大纲，段落的初稿就完成 了一半。 例如写一个关于集邮的段落。主题句已给出： Philately is an interesting hobby. 可以按照下面几点展开：

Therearebeautifulpicturesonpostagestamps;There are portraits of historical figures on them;It is always a delight to get a stamp I have never seen beforeI can learn something by looking at the stamps I have collected最后一项工作就是重新排序。根据逻辑顺序把你列出的点重新编排。当你重读以上写好的四点提纲时，也许会发现最后一点还是放在最前面更为好，接下来就是按照提纲写出段落。段落的展开方法段落的展开有多种方式。比如，按时间顺序，或按过程、空间顺序来叙述；或通过举例、对比、因果、分类等方式来展开段落。按时间展开讲故事或追述往事时最简单、也最清楚的表达方式就是按事件发生的时间顺序来叙述。先发生的事情先讲，后发生的事情后讲。请看下面两个范文。范文James Murray was born in Scotland in 1837, the son of a village tailor.Ha wentto a parish school, but he left at 14 and he educated himself with pertinacity. Heloved knowledge and he loved to impart it. He became a schoolmaster; helearned language after language and was alive to geology, archeology andphonetics, as well as to local politics. He had to leave Scotland because of theillness of his first wife, and he became a bank clerk in London. By sheer energyof scholarship,and without benefit of any university education,he made

 There are beautiful pictures on postage stamps;  There are portraits of historical figures on them;  It is always a delight to get a stamp I have never seen before;  I can learn something by looking at the stamps I have collected. 最后一项工作就是重新排序。根据逻辑顺序把你列出的点重新编排。当你 重读以上写好的四点提纲时，也许会发现最后一点还是放在最前面更为 好，接下来就是按照提纲写出段落。 段落的展开方法 段落的展开有多种方式。比如，按时间顺序，或按过程、空间顺序来 叙述；或通过举例、对比、因果、分类等方式来展开段落。 按时间展开 讲故事或追述往事时最简单、也最清楚的表达方式就是按事件发生的 时间顺序来叙述。先发生的事情先讲，后发生的事情后讲。请看下面两个 范文。 范文 James Murray was born in Scotland in 1837, the son of a village tailor. Ha went to a parish school, but he left at 14 and he educated himself with pertinacity. He loved knowledge and he loved to impart it. He became a schoolmaster; he learned language after language and was alive to geology, archeology and phonetics, as well as to local politics. He had to leave Scotland because of the illness of his first wife, and he became a bank clerk in London. By sheer energy of scholarship, and without benefit of any university education, he made

himself indispensable to the other remarkable philologists of his day.Hereturned to school-teaching and lived a 72-hour day for the rest of his life. Forthe invitation to edit what became the O.E.D. was one that he could not refuse.At firsthe combined itwithhis school work:laterhe moved toOxfordanddedicated himself to building the best sort of monument-best in that it was nota monument to himself, and best in that it was not a monument to somethingdead but rather to something living: the English languageChristopherRicks【分析】这一段讲的是牛津词典的编撰者，伟大的词典编撰学家SirJamesMurray（如左图所示）的生平。这一段文字遵循了时间顺序，极为有条理，极为典雅。可以用来背诵，可以用来作为事例引用到作文之中。范文My heart gave a leap when I heard the announcement that our train would soonarrive at its destination-Beijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect mythings and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. Tothe tune of a beautiful song the train putted into the station and gently stoppedby a platform. I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the streamof people into an underground passage and then into a big hall. As I stepped outof the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. Though Ihad been on the train for more than thirty hours and spent a sleepless night, Ididn't feel tired at all, and I believed my days in Beijing would be as sunny asthe skies

himself indispensable to the other remarkable philologists of his day. He returned to school-teaching and lived a 72-hour day for the rest of his life. For the invitation to edit what became the O.E.D. was one that he could not refuse. At first he combined it with his school work; later he moved to Oxford and dedicated himself to building the best sort of monument—best in that it was not a monument to himself, and best in that it was not a monument to something dead but rather to something living: the English language. —Christopher Ricks 【分析】 这一段讲的是牛津词典的编撰者，伟大的词 典编撰学家 Sir James Murray（如左图所示） 的生平。这一段文字遵循了时间顺序，极为 有条理，极为典雅。可以用来背诵，可以用 来作为事例引用到作文之中。 范文 My heart gave a leap when I heard the announcement that our train would soon arrive at its destination-Beijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect my things and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. To the tune of a beautiful song the train putted into the station and gently stopped by a platform. I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the stream of people into an underground passage and then into a big hall. As I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. Though I had been on the train for more than thirty hours and spent a sleepless night, I didn’t feel tired at all, and I believed my days in Beijing would be as sunny as the skies

-Student中【分析】这一段讲述了发生在几分钟内的事情，是按时间顺序展开的，条理清楚，明白易懂。这讲的是大学开学刚下车的几分钟发生的事情，你是否对那几分钟也记忆犹新呢？如果还记得，不妨也将那时的情，那时的景写下来。附表示时间顺序的常用词及短语：Now, nowadays, between... and..., since...Later, afterwards, earlier, formerly previous, previously, prior to, to begin withIn thefirst/second place, etc.thereupon, thereafterattheturn ofthecentury/decade, etc.when, before, after, while, during in(year), in the 1900, etc.from then on, after an interval, soon, first, second, etc,next, then, subsequently, (somewhat) later in conclusion, finally, lastly, in theend presently, eventually, afterward, at last in the first half of the century, etc

—Student 【分析】 这一段讲述了发生在几分钟内的事情，是按时间顺序展开的，条理清楚， 明白易懂。这讲的是大学开学刚下车的几分钟发生的事情，你是否对那几 分钟也记忆犹新呢？如果还记得，不妨也将那时的情，那时的景写下来。 附表示时间顺序的常用词及短语： Now, nowadays, between. and., since. Later, afterwards, earlier, formerly previous, previously, prior to, to begin with In the first/second place, etc. thereupon, thereafter at the turn of the century/decade, etc. when, before, after, while, during in.(year), in the 1900，etc. from then on, after an interval, soon, first, second, etc, next, then, subsequently, (somewhat) later in conclusion, finally, lastly, in the end presently, eventually, afterward, at last in the first half of the century, etc

at birth, in childhood, in infancy, in adolescence, as an adult, in adulthood, inold age, at deathsimultaneously, simultaneous with, at the same time as, the former, the latter, inthemean time

at birth, in childhood, in infancy, in adolescence, as an adult, in adulthood, in old age, at death simultaneously, simultaneous with, at the same time as, the former, the latter, in the mean time