《大学英语》课程教学资源（写作技巧）论段落的展开2/6

论段落的展开2连贯连贯关注的是段落的结构是否有条理。一个段落中的句子应该条理清晰、层次分明、衔接自然流杨。只有做到这些，读者才能跟上作者的思路，明白作者的意思。范文There is some feeling nowadays that reading is not as necessary as it once was. Radioand especially television have taken over many of the functions once served by print,just as photography has taken over functions once served by painting and othergraphic arts. Admittedly, television serves some of these functions extremely well; thevisual communication of news events, for example, has enormous impact. The abilityof radio to give us information while we are engaged in doing other things-forinstance, driving a car-is remarkable, and a great saving of time. But it may beseriously questioned whether the advent of modem communications media has muchenhanced our understanding of theworld in whichwe liveMortimerJ.Adler【分析】这段文字行文连贯。作者先在段落的开头提出一个论点：“读书不再像从前那么必要，然后解释人们之所以这么感觉的原因一一当今广播和电视几乎取代了印刷品的作用。紧接着，作者阐述广播和电视在哪些方面替代了印刷品的作用。但是作者怀疑现代通讯媒介的出现是否真的有助子加深我们对世界的了解。这个意思作者用最后一句话表达出来，因而最后一句话成为全段的主题句。此段作者是MortimerJ.Adler，它是美国重要的哲学家，教育家，畅销书作者

论段落的展开 2 连贯 连贯关注的是段落的结构是否有条理。一个段落中的句子应该条理清晰、层 次分明、衔接自然流杨。只有做到这些，读者才能跟上作者的思路，明白作者的 意思。 范文 There is some feeling nowadays that reading is not as necessary as it once was. Radio and especially television have taken over many of the functions once served by print, just as photography has taken over functions once served by painting and other graphic arts. Admittedly, television serves some of these functions extremely well; the visual communication of news events, for example, has enormous impact. The ability of radio to give us information while we are engaged in doing other things—for instance, driving a car—is remarkable, and a great saving of time. But it may be seriously questioned whether the advent of modem communications media has much enhanced our understanding of the world in which we live. —Mortimer J. Adler 【分析】 这段文字行文连贯。作者先在段落的开头提出一个论点：“读书不再像从前 那么必要，然后解释人们之所以这么感觉的原因——当今广播和电视几乎取代了 印刷品的作用。紧接着，作者阐述广播和电视在哪些方面替代了印刷品的作用。 但是作者怀疑现代通讯媒介的出现是否真的有助子加深我们对世界的了解。这个 意思作者用最后 一句话表达出来，因而最后一句 话成为全段的主题句。 此段作者是 Mortimer J. Adler，它是美国重要的 哲学家，教育家，畅销书作者

范文Shakespearian characters live.They are no stilted creations intended to representdiffering points of view. They are people, with all the usual human foibles andweaknesses. As we laugh at or sympathize with them, we are learning somethingabout our own selves. Shakespeare knew human nature so well and created hischaracters according to that knowledge.His understanding of human psychology isamazingand is onereasonforthecontinuedsuccessof Shakespeariandrama一A.Greenwood-Lee【分析】这一段的主题是莎士比亚文学，整个一段围绕这一个主题层层展开。作者先开门见山，在第一句提出观点“Shakespeariancharacters live,”而后作者从莎翁文学的各个角度说明这个观点，比如莎翁文学本身，人们对莎翁文学的反应，以及最后作者对莎翁文学揭露人性的高度OFIW SHAKESPEARE评价。A1813CAANAASNOTAEOZULETESENEK4OO.EVFORDULOJI关于莎翁的话剧，各种大家都有过深入的研究，在这儿就不赞述。莎士比亚之所以能够在戏剧传统浓厚的英国出乎其类，拔乎其萃，能在世界广为流传，以致洛阳纸贵，并不仅仅是因为情节的巧妙，文采的斐然，更重要的是莎翁对于人性的洞察。而人性的东西是永恒的，普世的，这就是MAGYAR POSTA为什么莎翁在全世界有那么大的影响力。建议大家阅读莎翁的著作，因为：“"Knowing human nature is true sophistication

范文 Shakespearian characters live. They are no stilted creations intended to represent differing points of view. They are people, with all the usual human foibles and weaknesses. As we laugh at or sympathize with them, we are learning something about our own selves. Shakespeare knew human nature so well and created his characters according to that knowledge. His understanding of human psychology is amazing and is one reason for the continued success of Shakespearian drama. —A. Greenwood-Lee 【分析】 这一段的主题是莎士比亚文学，整个一段围绕这一个主题层层展开。作者先 开门见山，在第一句提出观点 “Shakespearian characters live,”而后作者从莎翁文 学的各个角度说明这个观点，比如莎翁文学本身，人们对莎翁文学的反应，以及 最后作者对莎翁文学揭露人性的高度 评价。 关于莎翁的话剧，各种大家都有 过深入的研究，在这儿就不赘述。莎 士比亚之所以能够在戏剧传统浓厚的 英国出乎其类，拔乎其萃，能在世界 广为流传，以致洛阳纸贵，并不仅仅 是因为情节的巧妙，文采的斐然，更 重要的是莎翁对于人性的洞察。而人 性的东西是永恒的，普世的，这就是 为什么莎翁在全世界有那么大的影响 力。建议大家阅读莎翁的著作，因为： “Knowing human nature is true sophistication

过渡在一个段落里，即使所有句子的意思都清楚并且按照逻辑顺序排列，但是如果缺乏句与句之间恰当的过渡，整个段落的连贯性仍会受到影响。以下几种方法可用来加强句与句之间的连贯性：·使用平行结构·重复一个词或一个词组；。在提及上一句提到的名词时使用代同；·段落中名词和代词的人称和数应保持一致，动词时态也须保持一致。使用过渡词语请看下面的段落，注意作者是如何使用以上五种方法写出一个内容连贯，生动流畅的段落的。范文Americans are queer people: they can't play. Americans rush to work as soon as theygrow up. They want their work as soon as they wake. It is a stimulant-the only onethey are not afraid of. They used to open their offices at ten o'clock; then at nine; thenat eight; then at seven. Now they never shut them. Every business in America isturninginto an open-all-day-and-night business.They eat all night, dance all nightbuild buildings all night make a noise all night. They can't play. They try to, but can't.They turn football into a fight, baseball into a lawsuit and yachting into machineryThey can't play. The little children can't play; they use mechanical toys instead-toycranes, hoisting toy loads, toy machinery spreading a toy industrial depression ofinfantile dullness. The grown-up people can't play, they use a mechanical gymnasiumand a clockwork horse. They can't laugh, they hire a comedian and watch him laugh一Stephen Leacock【分析】这个范文很好地展示了作者如何运用一系列的过渡词使段落保持连贯流畅。例如，该文作者反复使用了一些词组来强调段落的中心意思，他运用then

过渡 在一个段落里，即使所有句子的意思都清楚并且按照逻辑顺序排列，但是如 果缺乏句与句之间恰当的过渡，整个段落的连贯性仍会受到影响。以下几种方法 可用来加强句与句之间的连贯性：  使用平行结构  重复一个词或一个词组；  在提及上一句提到的名词时使用代同；  段落中名词和代词的人称和数应保持一致，动词时态也须保持一致  使用过渡词语 请看下面的段落，注意作者是如何使用以上五种方法写出一个内容连贯，生动流 畅的段落的。 范文 Americans are queer people: they can’t play. Americans rush to work as soon as they grow up. They want their work as soon as they wake. It is a stimulant-the only one they are not afraid of. They used to open their offices at ten o'clock; then at nine; then at eight; then at seven. Now they never shut them. Every business in America is turning into an open-all-day-and-night business. They eat all night, dance all night; build buildings all night make a noise all night. They can't play. They try to, but can't. They turn football into a fight, baseball into a lawsuit and yachting into machinery. They can’t play. The little children can't play; they use mechanical toys instead-toy cranes, hoisting toy loads, toy machinery spreading a toy industrial depression of infantile dullness. The grown-up people can't play; they use a mechanical gymnasium and a clockwork horse. They can't laugh; they hire a comedian and watch him laugh. —Stephen Leacock 【分析】 这个范文很好地展示了作者如何运用一系列的过渡词使段落保持连贯 流畅。例如，该文作者反复使用了一些词组来强调段落的中心意思，他运用 then

词组强调美国人现在工作时间更长，使用allnight和turn.into词组给读者留下美国人工作已经达到极限的印象以上词组构成了一系列排比句，生动描绘出美国人变成工作狂的众生相。Can'tplay是段落中的核心词语，它反复出现了五次以强调主题。作者还反复运用they这一代词来连接句子，使之前后连贾、流畅。根据社会学家MaxWeber的研究，美国人是工作狂的本性在很大程度上来自根植于美国人民内心的清教传统（puritantradition)。清教是美利坚民族的根源，是美国梦的底色，是美国人民奋斗的最根本的动力。同学们如果想读懂美国一定要读懂美国的清教传统。详细内容请到维基搜索Puritanism

词组强调美国人现在工作时间更长，使用 all night 和 turn.into 词组给读者留下 美国人工作已经达到极限的印象以上词组构成了一系列排比句，生动描绘出美国 人变成工作狂的众生相。Can’t play 是段落中的核心词语，它反复出现了五次以 强调主题。作者还反复运用 they 这一代词来连接句子，使之前后连贾、流畅。 根据社会学家 Max Weber 的 研究，美国人是工作狂的本性在 很大程度上来自根植于美国人民 内心的清教传统 (puritan tradition)。清教是美利坚民族的根 源，是美国梦的底色，是美国人 民奋斗的最根本的动力。同学们 如果想读懂美国一定要读懂美国的清教传统。详细内容请到维基搜索 Puritanism