山东大学：《医学生理学 Medical Physiology》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，人体生理学 Human Physiology）神经系统 The Nervous System

Section 9 The Nervous System

Section 9 The Nervous System

Chapter 29 Cells in Nervous System and Their Function ● Neurocyte ● Neuroglia( Glia cell

Chapter 29. Cells in Nervous System and Their Function ⚫ Neurocyte ⚫ Neuroglia (Glia cell)

The Nervous System Components Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors Responsible for Sensory perceptions, mental activities stimulating muscle movements, secretions of many glands SubdivⅤ nsions Central nervous system(CNS) Peripheral nervous system(PNS)

The Nervous System • Components – Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors • Responsible for – Sensory perceptions, mental activities, stimulating muscle movements, secretions of many glands • Subdivisions – Central nervous system (CNS) – Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Central Nervous System OThe McGrawHll Companies he Pe Centra nervous system Consists of Brain Spinal Brain cord p Inal cor 战绕 Brain and spinal cord Continuous with each other Cranial Spinal nerves nerves Peripheral nervous system

Central Nervous System • Consists of – Brain – Spinal cord • Brain and spinal cord – Continuous with each other

Peripheral nervous system Two subcategories Dorsal root of spinal nerve Dorsal root ganglion Sensory or afferent Motor Sensory neuron neuron Motor or efferent Spinal Spina Divisions nerve cord Spinal Spinalnerve Somatic nervous cord Sensory receptor ystem Ventral root Skeletal (b) of spinal nerve muscle Autonomic nervous Spinal nerve system(ANS) Spinal cord d Autonomic ganglion > Sympathetic First motor neuron ))Parasympathetic Second motor neuron Effector organ(e.g, smooth >> Enteric (c) muscle) Large intestine

Peripheral Nervous System • Two subcategories – Sensory or afferent – Motor or efferent • Divisions – Somatic nervous system – Autonomic nervous system (ANS) »Sympathetic »Parasympathetic »Enteric

Nervous System Organization Copynight e The McGraw-Hill Companies. he Permission requred for reproduction or display Stimulus Response(output) (input) Cardiac muscle Skeletal smooth muscle muscle and glands PNS Sensory division Somatic Autonomic Sensory conducts action nervous nervous receptors, potentials system system nerves, from the Motor division ganglia, periphery conducts action potentials and plexuses to the periphery CNS Brain and Processing and integrating information spinal cord initiates responses, mental activity

Nervous System Organization

Cells of Nervous System Neurons or nerve cells Receive stimuli and Neuron transmit action cell body Presynaptic terminals Dendrites potentials Schwann Node of Axon cell Ranvier Organization Cell body or soma Myel Axon sheath Collateral Dendrites. Input hillock formed by axon Schwann cell\ Axons: Output Nissl bodies Nucleus Nucleolus Neuroglia or glial cells Dendritic spine Golgi apparatus Support and protect Mitochondrion neurons

Cells of Nervous System • Neurons or nerve cells – Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials – Organization • Cell body or soma • Dendrites: Input • Axons: Output • Neuroglia or glial cells – Support and protect neurons

Part 1 Neuron Cell Body Soma Dendrites desynaptIc Terminal Node of handier Axon Myelin ceuS

Part 1 Neuron

1. Structure and function Typical Neuron has 4 Regions Dendrite · Cell body Axon hillock Axon Dendrites Collateral Axon branch Neurofibrils Presynaptic terminals Schwann Each region is specialized Axonal Node of for its particular function wann sheath on Information flows in a single direction

Typical Neuron has 4 Regions • Cell Body • Dendrites • Axon • Presynaptic Terminals Each region is specialized for its particular function Information flows in a single direction 1. Structure and Function

Neuron cell body location Most are found in the central nervous system o Gray matter-cell bodies and unmylenated fibers o nuclei-clusters of cell bodies within the White matter of the central nervous system Ganglia -collections of cell bodies outside the central nervous system

Neuron Cell Body Location • Most are found in the central nervous system •Gray matter – cell bodies and unmylenated fibers •Nuclei – clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the central nervous system • Ganglia – collections of cell bodies outside the central nervous system