《系统工程》课程教学资源（英文文献）Study on Model Building of Emergency Logistics Management Information System

Study on Model Building of Emergency LogisticsManagement Information SystemGuide Words: Emergency logistics; Information system; System platformAbstract:Based on the functions of the information technology in the building of emergencylogistics system and using the operation features of disaster relief emergency logistics system of othercountriesforreference,thispaperhasproposedthebuildingmodelofemergencylogisticsinformationsystem and its basic constitutions. In addition, it has also discussed the building models and thefunction patterns of various subsystems and put forward the proposal to improve the operationmechanism of the emergencylogistics managementsystem.I.INTRODUCTIONEmergency logistics refers to a special logistics activity which takes it for the goal that providesemergencymaterials for emergencies like natural disaster,public health event and so on to pursue themaximization of time benefit andthe minimum of disasterlose.It has thefeatures of sudden orabnormality, demand randomness and afterward selectivity,material flow unbalance, urgency of timecontrol, and social public welfare, etc.At present, the information-based emergency logistics in China is still in a low degree, and lacksunified emergency logistics information sharing and issue platform, at the same time, its informationis not enough to focus on. Therefore, the emergency command authority cannot obtain the accuratedetails of sudden emergencies and emergency logistics operations, resulting in inaccurate analysis andjudgment.A.Characteristics of operation pattern of disaster relief logistics in other countriesUS Federal Emergency response plan. The United States has set up a complete"NationalEarthquake Hazards Reduction Program" (NEHRP) in its Logistics management of disaster relief Atthe occurrence of major disasters, the Federal government will immediately proclaim to take theemergency response plan (FRP), then the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) willcoordinate all disaster prevention and disaster relief affairs. Germany's system of disaster preventionand control.Germany has a more comprehensive set of disaster prevention and control system, whichis composed of different departments organizations undertaking different tasks in order to guarantee asmooth logistics operation of disaster relief. Japan's logistics channel of stereo disaster relief. Inresponse to sudden disasters, Japan plans and arranges in advance the channels for land, sea and airtransport, publishes the handbook of logistics work process, and plans the shelters for refuges

Study on Model Building of Emergency Logistics Management Information System Guide Words：Emergency logistics; Information system; System platform Abstract：Based on the functions of the information technology in the building of emergency logistics system and using the operation features of disaster relief emergency logistics system of other countries for reference, this paper has proposed the building model of emergency logistics information system and its basic constitutions. In addition, it has also discussed the building models and the function patterns of various subsystems and put forward the proposal to improve the operation mechanism of the emergency logistics management system. I. INTRODUCTION Emergency logistics refers to a special logistics activity which takes it for the goal that provides emergency materials for emergencies like natural disaster, public health event and so on to pursue the maximization of time benefit and the minimum of disaster lose. It has the features of sudden or abnormality, demand randomness and afterward selectivity, material flow unbalance, urgency of time control, and social public welfare, etc. At present, the information-based emergency logistics in China is still in a low degree, and lacks unified emergency logistics information sharing and issue platform, at the same time, its information is not enough to focus on. Therefore, the emergency command authority cannot obtain the accurate details of sudden emergencies and emergency logistics operations, resulting in inaccurate analysis and judgment. A. Characteristics of operation pattern of disaster relief logistics in other countries US Federal Emergency response plan. The United States has set up a complete "National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program" (NEHRP) in its Logistics management of disaster relief At the occurrence of major disasters, the Federal government will immediately proclaim to take the emergency response plan (FRP), then the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will coordinate all disaster prevention and disaster relief affairs. Germany's system of disaster prevention and control. Germany has a more comprehensive set of disaster prevention and control system, which is composed of different departments organizations undertaking different tasks in order to guarantee a smooth logistics operation of disaster relief. Japan's logistics channel of stereo disaster relief. In response to sudden disasters, Japan plans and arranges in advance the channels for land, sea and air transport, publishes the handbook of logistics work process, and plans the shelters for refuges

B. Comparison of the differences between Emergency logistics and Ordinary LogisticsLike ordinary logistics, emergency logistics is composed of the elements such as fluids, carriers,flow direction, flow rate, processes, flow speed and the sort, having the utility of space, time andshape quality. However, compared with ordinary logistics, it has the features of sudden anduncertaintyTableIComparisonofDifferencesBetweenOrdinaryLogisticsandEmergencyLogisticsItemOrdinary logisticsEmergency logisticsSystemLow cost and highSpeed andefficiencyobjectiveprofitFacilityPermanentTemporary and mobilitycharacteristicsAllocationRound-trip and tourRound-trip typepatterntypesRelative stabilizationRepertoryStrongunsteadinessAllocationMedium and long-Strong flexibilitynetworktermplanProvisioningPossible toforecastUnabletoforecastdemanddemand exactlyC.Operation Requirements on the logistics of disaster reliefTo base the study on business logistics, learn advanced experience.Today, many advancedlogistics technologies and the management patterns have been used in the disaster relief logistics, soone of the best ways is to take the successful logistics technology and the management methods ofsupply chains from the third party to guarantee that disaster relief supplies are delivered to the victimspromptly. Disaster relief logistics management requires a smooth logistics information networksupport. The Informationization and networking logistics information system for disaster relief canpromptly feedback the information of disaster relief, which plays tremendous role in the operation ofthedisasterrelief logistics

B. Comparison of the differences between Emergency logistics and Ordinary Logistics Like ordinary logistics, emergency logistics is composed of the elements such as fluids, carriers, flow direction, flow rate, processes, flow speed and the sort, having the utility of space, time and shape quality. However, compared with ordinary logistics, it has the features of sudden and uncertainty . Table I Comparison of Differences Between Ordinary Logistics and Emergency Logistics C. Operation Requirements on the logistics of disaster relief To base the study on business logistics, learn advanced experience. Today, many advanced logistics technologies and the management patterns have been used in the disaster relief logistics, so one of the best ways is to take the successful logistics technology and the management methods of supply chains from the third party to guarantee that disaster relief supplies are delivered to the victims promptly. Disaster relief logistics management requires a smooth logistics information network support. The Informationization and networking logistics information system for disaster relief can promptly feedback the information of disaster relief, which plays tremendous role in the operation of the disaster relief logistics

EmergencylogisticsControl centerCenteragencyInformationCommodityTechnologycentercentercenterLogisticscenterLogisticsLogisticsLogisticscentercenter2center3Figure 1 Emergency logistics system structureTo build the emergency response system and make the law to support the operation of disastersrelief logistics. It is good to set up a guarantee system which is able to connect more logistics centersby network when disasters occurII.FUNCTIONSOFTHELOGISTICSINFORMATIONSYSTEMPLATFORMEmergency logistics system involves commanding organization,logistics nodes, logisticsinformation systems and so on,The emergency commanding organization is mainly responsibletoanalyze the needs of emergency supplies, make the emergency logistics plan, make the coordinationand support plan, allocate comprehensively emergency logistics supplies and collect material supplyand demand information. Logistics node includes the governments at all levels, material reservewarehouses, emergency allocation centers, the rescue center and the rescue spot. It is mainlyresponsiblefor themanagement of purchase,warehouse,transportation,allocation and recycle.Emergency logistics information system is involved in all the logistics chains, its main function is tostore emergencyresources,take real-time dynamic monitoring,handle emergency business,helpmanagementdecision-makingandprocessbasicdatabaseandsoon.Emergency logistics requires that an extensible logistics information system will be worked out.Therefore, it is suggestive that the emergency logistics information network platform be set up so as totimely get the information of natural disasters, public health, production accidents, environmentalpollution,traffic conditions, emergency 2o0materials demand and keep thedatabase supplementedandupdatedconstantly.Atthesametime,this networkplatformcanissue thegovernment

Figure 1 Emergency logistics system structure To build the emergency response system and make the law to support the operation of disasters relief logistics. It is good to set up a guarantee system which is able to connect more logistics centers by network when disasters occur. II. FUNCTIONS OF THE LOGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEM PLATFORM Emergency logistics system involves commanding organization, logistics nodes, logistics information systems and so on. The emergency commanding organization is mainly responsible to analyze the needs of emergency supplies, make the emergency logistics plan, make the coordination and support plan, allocate comprehensively emergency logistics supplies and collect material supply and demand information. Logistics node includes the governments at all levels, material reserve warehouses, emergency allocation centers, the rescue center and the rescue spot. It is mainly responsible for the management of purchase, warehouse, transportation, allocation and recycle. Emergency logistics information system is involved in all the logistics chains, its main function is to store emergency resources , take real-time dynamic monitoring, handle emergency business, help management decision-making and process basic database and so on. Emergency logistics requires that an extensible logistics information system will be worked out. Therefore, it is suggestive that the emergency logistics information network platform be set up so as to timely get the information of natural disasters, public health, production accidents, environmental pollution, traffic conditions, emergency 200 materials demand and keep the database supplemented and updated constantly. At the same time, this network platform can issue the government

announcement and emergency regulations accurately, timely, and completely so that the public willget the latest, the fastest, and the most reliable emergency logistics information.It is necessary to set up such systems as the information system of emergency supplies or datawarehouse, the information system of emergency logistics carriers or data warehouse, the emergencylogisticsplandatabase,thetransportplatformof emergencysuppliesgeneratedautomaticallybytheemergency transport plan, and the emergency transport monitoring subsystem based on GPS, GIS,RFID.And at the same time, the security system of emergency logistics should be set up so that theemergency supplies arriveat disaster placesquickly,promptly and accurately.IILOPERATIONPROCESSOFEMERGENCYLOGISTICSSYSTEMEmergencylogistics Control center本→EmergencylogisticsInformationplatform4-Technology andTransportationMaterials purchaseinformationdecisionandallocationandreserve-4BPurchaseReserveAllocationTransportationlogisticsInformationflowSupplyingDestinationFigure 2 Operation process of emergency logistics systemGovernments at all levels should play a leading and coordinating role in the guarantee system ofemergency logistics. Specialized management organizations at all levels must set up. Theseorganizationshavetheirown control limitsincoordinatingandmanagingthestorageandtransportofemergency supplies toachieve theefficientoperation of emergencylogistics.A,Emergencymaterialspurchaseand reservemanagementEmergency materials are mainly used to deal with the problems such as emergency, relief andresettlement when major disasters and emergencies occur,in ordertohandlethepeople's livelihoodatearly stages of the aftermath of disasters. Common emergency materials include the goods oflifesaving, medical treatment and livelihood, etc. As to material reserve, it is good to set a materialreserveagencyintheareaswhererelativelyfrequentemergenciesoccurinorderthattheagencycan

announcement and emergency regulations accurately, timely, and completely so that the public will get the latest, the fastest, and the most reliable emergency logistics information. It is necessary to set up such systems as the information system of emergency supplies or data warehouse, the information system of emergency logistics carriers or data warehouse, the emergency logistics plan database, the transport platform of emergency supplies generated automatically by the emergency transport plan, and the emergency transport monitoring subsystem based on GPS, GIS, RFID. And at the same time, the security system of emergency logistics should be set up so that the emergency supplies arrive at disaster places quickly, promptly and accurately. III. OPERATION PROCESS OF EMERGENCY LOGISTICS SYSTEM Figure 2 Operation process of emergency logistics system Governments at all levels should play a leading and coordinating role in the guarantee system of emergency logistics. Specialized management organizations at all levels must set up. These organizations have their own control limits in coordinating and managing the storage and transport of emergency supplies to achieve the efficient operation of emergency logistics. A. Emergency materials purchase and reserve management Emergency materials are mainly used to deal with the problems such as emergency, relief and resettlement when major disasters and emergencies occur, in order to handle thepeople's livelihood at early stages of the aftermath of disasters. Common emergency materials include the goods of lifesaving, medical treatment and livelihood, etc. As to material reserve, it is good to set a material reserve agency in the areas where relatively frequent emergencies occur in order that the agency can

take good care of the reserve emergency materials. Reserve materials management requires scientificandeffectiveclassificationmanagement,therefore,computerwarehousemanagementsoftwarecanbeused to not only improve disaster prediction accuracy, reduce cycle time, and reduce inventory, butalso distribute temporarily prepared materials when unpredictable emergencies occur.B. Emergency transport and allocation managementTransportation management subsystem is a management information system which is sep up by amodem information management technology means to improve transport capacity,reduce logisticscosts, improve service quality. Its Major function is to take the advantage of transportationmanagement information system to optimize transportation model combination and transport path.More details are to optimize the site selection of allocation center, distribution of materials vehiclesand paths for driving, to use the powerful geographic data of GIS to make the plans and arrangementsof transport and allocation network on basis of specific environments, and to obtain the overalloptimization in exchange of transport electronic data in motor fleet management, transport plan,materials distribution and track and use GPS to track the whereabouts of materials in transport.C.Emergency technology and information decision-making managementPromote the standardization building of information and set up the logistics information networkbased on Internet technology. The suggestion is to set up integrated information network, transportinformation network, and storage information network based on logistics share information platformto unifymaterial codes, specifyfile transfer format, to set up a sound database to collect the relatedinformation of each party and update data timely; And to make decisions and forecasts depending onthe information stored by the information network platform at the occurrence of unexpected naturedisasters. Strengthen the application of the advance technology of GIS and GPS -the geographicinformation system,RS-satelliteremote sensing,computers,communications,barcodes,RE,andsoon in the emergency information system and the commanding and decision-making system. Theinformationization system technology of EDI- the application system, warehouse management systemand transportation management system can be used to keep the high effective operation of emergencylogistics. Advanced scientific and technological means and equipment of foreign countries can also beintroduced to collect, sum up, sort out and analyze related information of serious hidden dangers andpossible emergencies to make risk assessment and forecast of and provide warning advice so as totake early countermeasures on these serious hidden dangers and possible emergencies.IV.CONCLUSIONThe essence of emergency logistics means to carry out a special logistics activity to ensure thetimely supply of materials, people and fund to the area where emergencies occur. Based on theemergency logistics information system, this paper discussed emergency materials purchase andreserve management, emergency transport and allocation management as well as emergencytechnology and information decision-making management, study the model building of emergency

take good care of the reserve emergency materials. Reserve materials management requires scientific and effective classification management, therefore, computer warehouse management software can be used to not only improve disaster prediction accuracy, reduce cycle time, and reduce inventory, but also distribute temporarily prepared materials when unpredictable emergencies occur. B. Emergency transport and allocation management Transportation management subsystem is a management information system which is sep up by a modem information management technology means to improve transport capacity, reduce logistics costs, improve service quality. Its Major function is to take the advantage of transportation management information system to optimize transportation model combination and transport path. More details are to optimize the site selection of allocation center, distribution of materials vehicles, and paths for driving, to use the powerful geographic data of GIS to make the plans and arrangements of transport and allocation network on basis of specific environments, and to obtain the overall optimization in exchange of transport electronic data in motor fleet management, transport plan, materials distribution and track and use GPS to track the whereabouts of materials in transport. C. Emergency technology and information decision-making management Promote the standardization building of information and set up the logistics information network based on Internet technology. The suggestion is to set up integrated information network, transport information network, and storage information network based on logistics share information platform; to unify material codes, specify file transfer format; to set up a sound database to collect the related information of each party and update data timely; And to make decisions and forecasts depending on the information stored by the information network platform at the occurrence of unexpected nature disasters. Strengthen the application of the advance technology of GIS and GPS - the geographic information system, RS -satellite remote sensing, computers, communications, barcodes, RF, and so on in the emergency information system and the commanding and decision-making system. The informationization system technology of EDI- the application system, warehouse management system and transportation management system can be used to keep the high effective operation of emergency logistics. Advanced scientific and technological means and equipment of foreign countries can also be introduced to collect, sum up, sort out and analyze related information of serious hidden dangers and possible emergencies to make risk assessment and forecast of and provide warning advice so as to take early countermeasures on these serious hidden dangers and possible emergencies. IV. CONCLUSION The essence of emergency logistics means to carry out a special logistics activity to ensure the timely supply of materials, people and fund to the area where emergencies occur. Based on the emergency logistics information system, this paper discussed emergency materials purchase and reserve management, emergency transport and allocation management as well as emergency technology and information decision-making management, study the model building of emergency

logistics information system and finally put forward some key issues on emergency logisticsinformationization.This paper proposed to set up a perfect emergency organization management system andmechanism to improve emergency support ability to keep long-term mechanism for disasterprevention, build a good system of emergency logistics allocation based on the actual situation, tointegrate the existing social resources to cooperatively distribute the emergency logistics suppliestogether with the enterprises of the industry which has good reputation and offers reasonable prices, totake full advantage of network information to deliver emergency supplies quickly, timely and exactlyto where emergencies occur,and to promote the building of emergency logistics information systemtoimprovethelevel ofemergencylogistics inChina

logistics information system and finally put forward some key issues on emergency logistics informationization. This paper proposed to set up a perfect emergency organization management system and mechanism to improve emergency support ability to keep long-term mechanism for disaster prevention, build a good system of emergency logistics allocation based on the actual situation, to integrate the existing social resources to cooperatively distribute the emergency logistics supplies together with the enterprises of the industry which has good reputation and offers reasonable prices, to take full advantage of network information to deliver emergency supplies quickly, timely and exactly to where emergencies occur, and to promote the building of emergency logistics information system to improve the level of emergency logistics in China