南京师范大学：《营养学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）第十三章 Preschood Child Nutrition

§5 Preschool Child Nutrition Prof. Dr. Jin BQ NJNU

§5 Preschool Child Nutrition Prof. Dr. Jin BQ NJNU

Preshool child: 3-5(6) years old p188-190 1 Physiological property 1.1Body Gain: Continuous faster growth But slower than 0-3old • Boy> girl in this period • BW > 2-3kg/year • BH > 5-8cm/year • Head in body: 1/6 • Arm & leg: getting longer Muscular increase with bone calcified

Preshool child: 3-5(6) years old p188-190 1 Physiological property 1.1Body Gain: Continuous faster growth But slower than 0-3old • Boy> girl in this period • BW > 2-3kg/year • BH > 5-8cm/year • Head in body: 1/6 • Arm & leg: getting longer Muscular increase with bone calcified

1.2 Child’s Body Composition H2O Protein (14.6%) Fat Mineral Bone is soft & ossein more lessCa & easy to be bent

1.2 Child’s Body Composition H2O Protein (14.6%) Fat Mineral Bone is soft & ossein more lessCa & easy to be bent

1.3 Degestive system ⚫Teeth: Replacing period milk tooth left(54) secondary dentition(7/84) ⚫Gut: Developing & growing thiner gut wall slower crawl lower enzyme activity sensitive taste 1.4 Urological system (Kidney) Concentration & dilution weakling

1.3 Degestive system ⚫Teeth: Replacing period milk tooth left(54) secondary dentition(7/84) ⚫Gut: Developing & growing thiner gut wall slower crawl lower enzyme activity sensitive taste 1.4 Urological system (Kidney) Concentration & dilution weakling

1.5 Cardiac-vessel: weaking fewer blood & RBC Anemia (Fe) 1.6 Brain-nervous: faster developing 3y-old: 1000-1080g 6y-old: 1250-1305g up to 90-93% in adult 大脑皮层比较脆弱, 兴奋过度会引起疲劳； 兴奋与抑制不平衡，兴奋大于抑制

1.5 Cardiac-vessel: weaking fewer blood & RBC Anemia (Fe) 1.6 Brain-nervous: faster developing 3y-old: 1000-1080g 6y-old: 1250-1305g up to 90-93% in adult 大脑皮层比较脆弱, 兴奋过度会引起疲劳； 兴奋与抑制不平衡，兴奋大于抑制

2 Nutritional requirement 2.1 Principle compared to adults • Better quality • More quantity for kg BW • Higher N-concentration • Nice & happy sensation

2 Nutritional requirement 2.1 Principle compared to adults • Better quality • More quantity for kg BW • Higher N-concentration • Nice & happy sensation

2.2 Nutrients & Energy in DRIs • GE: 1300-1700kcal/d + BG • Protein: 45-60g/d +1.5g BG • Ca: 800mg/d • Mg: 150mg/d • Na: 325-975mg/d • Fe: 12mg/d • Zn: 9-12mg/d • Vit. Notes: Growing slowly, when E supplying less 10 kcal/kg BW in DRIs with negative N-balance Obesity when E supplying more than DRIs

2.2 Nutrients & Energy in DRIs • GE: 1300-1700kcal/d + BG • Protein: 45-60g/d +1.5g BG • Ca: 800mg/d • Mg: 150mg/d • Na: 325-975mg/d • Fe: 12mg/d • Zn: 9-12mg/d • Vit. Notes: Growing slowly, when E supplying less 10 kcal/kg BW in DRIs with negative N-balance Obesity when E supplying more than DRIs

3 Dietary direction 3.1 Meals: 3meals + 2 snacks 3.2 Principle • Soft & digestive • Better protein with Fe from animal/ soybean • Suitable GE • Richer Vit., Minerals from fruids & vegetables • 2-3 cups dairy milk/ soya milk • Enough water drinking • lower NaCl diet For preventing obesity, hypertension et al

3 Dietary direction 3.1 Meals: 3meals + 2 snacks 3.2 Principle • Soft & digestive • Better protein with Fe from animal/ soybean • Suitable GE • Richer Vit., Minerals from fruids & vegetables • 2-3 cups dairy milk/ soya milk • Enough water drinking • lower NaCl diet For preventing obesity, hypertension et al

§6 Shool child Nutrition p190-191 6-12y- old(adolescence) 12-18y-old(juvenile) 12-15y-old: 2nd fast growing period

§6 Shool child Nutrition p190-191 6-12y- old(adolescence) 12-18y-old(juvenile) 12-15y-old: 2nd fast growing period

1 Physiological property • Brain-nervous near to adult • Muscle & bone growing quickly • Bone: O: I =7:3 to 5:5 in adult • Teeth alternation • Sexual system up to maturity • Immuno- system/anti-ill increasing • Body conformation up to maturity • More independent • More activity GR: BW=2-2.5kg/y BH= 4-7.5cm/y

1 Physiological property • Brain-nervous near to adult • Muscle & bone growing quickly • Bone: O: I =7:3 to 5:5 in adult • Teeth alternation • Sexual system up to maturity • Immuno- system/anti-ill increasing • Body conformation up to maturity • More independent • More activity GR: BW=2-2.5kg/y BH= 4-7.5cm/y