《植物育种学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第七章 诱变育种 Mutation Breeding

Chapter 7 Mutation BreedingUsing Induced Variation for Crop Improvement

Chapter 7 Mutation Breeding Using Induced Variation for Crop Improvement

Mutation: Mutation is a suddenheritable change in the genetic materialat the gene or chromosome level

Mutation: Mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genetic material at the gene or chromosome level

wildtypeBareyesCutwingsRudimentarywingsRotatedabdomenVestigialwingsCurlywingsBithoraxDichaeteSuch a change in the basesequence of DNA leads to aplant with altered character(s)called as mutant

Such a change in the base sequence of DNA leads to a plant with altered character(s) called as mutant

2-222002mutant

mutant

mutantcontrastcontrastmutantRadiationinducedappleredskinmutant包多机mutantcontrastRadiationinducedresistanceofbarleymutant

Radiation induced apple red skin mutant mutant contrast contrast mutant contrast mutant Radiation induced resistance of barley mutant

contrastmutantRadiationinducedawn of barley mutantcontrastmutantRadiationinducedheightof barleymutant

contrast mutant Radiation induced awn of barley mutant contrast mutant Radiation induced height of barley mutant

Using induced mutants in the breedingprograms for developing superior varietiesis known as mutation breeding which usesome physical induced factors such as X-rays, Gamma-rays, β-radiation(β-particles),Neutrons, laser, electron beam, Particlesfrom accelerators, UV radiations and somechemical induced factors such as alkylatingagents, antibiotics, acridines, azides, baseanalogues and related compounds,hydroxylamines, nitrous acid, and somebiological factors :

Using induced mutants in the breeding programs for developing superior varieties is known as mutation breeding which use some physical induced factors such as X￾rays, Gamma-rays, β-radiation(β-particles), Neutrons, laser, electron beam, Particles from accelerators, UV radiations and some chemical induced factors such as alkylating agents, antibiotics, acridines, azides, base analogues and related compounds, hydroxylamines, nitrous acid, and some biological factors

蝴蝶兰1.Histroy and characters2001310

1.Histroy and characters

widtypeBareyesCutwingsRudimentarywingsRotatedabdomenVestigialwingsCurlywingsBithoraoDichaete(1) physical induced mutation:1904: De.Vries had a foresight to suggest the use ofradiation to induce mutation.1908: Gager reported the result of induced mutation1927: Muller HJ.found a large number of mutant infruit fly by X-rays

（1）physical induced mutation： 1904: De.Vries had a foresight to suggest the use of radiation to induce mutation. 1908: Gager reported the result of induced mutation. 1927：Muller HJ. found a large number of mutant in fruit fly by X-rays

1928: Stadler LGerectoidesworked withbarley anddemonstratedmutationfrequency can beenhanced withthe help of X-rays and Ra.1930: The X- ray treatment to two-rowedbarley by Swedish Nilson-Ehle and Gustafssonwas observed to produce mutants havingcharacters of dense ear and very stiff straw

1930：The X- ray treatment to two-rowed barley by Swedish Nilson-Ehle and Gustafsson was observed to produce mutants having characters of dense ear and very stiff straw. 1928: Stadler LG. worked with barley and demonstrated mutation frequency can be enhanced with the help of X￾rays and Ra. erectoides