山东大学：《医学生理学 Medical Physiology》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，人体生理学 Human Physiology）Chapter 5 Respiratory Physiology Part 1 Structure and function of the respiratory system

Respiratory Physiolo

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Part 1 Structure and Function of the Respirator System When you can not breath, nothing else matters Slogan of the American Lung Association

2 Part 1 Structure and Function of the Respiratory System When you can not breath, nothing else matters Slogan of the American Lung Association

Respiration is the process byhich the body takes in and utilizes oxygen(O2)and gets rid of carbon dioxide( co2)

3 Respiration is the process by which the body takes in and utilizes oxygen (O2 ) and gets rid of carbon dioxide (CO2 )

An Overview of Key Steps in respiration Pulmonary ventilation O, transport Gas Gas diffusion diffusion Lungs Tissues CO, transport

4 An Overview of Key Steps in Respiration

Respiration can be divided into four major functional events Ventilation: movement of air into and out of ungs Gas exchange between air in lungs and blood Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood Internal respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and tissues 5

5 Respiration can be divided into four major functional events • Ventilation: Movement of air into and out of lungs • Gas exchange between air in lungs and blood • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood • Internal respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and tissues

Respiratory system Function Gas exchange: Oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves Regulation of blood pH: Altered by changing blood carbon dioxide levels Voice production: Movement of air past vocal folds makes sound and speech Olfaction: Smell occurs when airborne molecules drawn into nasal cavity Protection: Against microorganisms by preventing entry and removing them Metabolism: Synthesize and metabolize different compounds(Nonrespiratory Function of the Lung)6

6 Respiratory System Functions • Gas exchange: Oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves • Regulation of blood pH: Altered by changing blood carbon dioxide levels • Voice production: Movement of air past vocal folds makes sound and speech • Olfaction: Smell occurs when airborne molecules drawn into nasal cavity • Protection: Against microorganisms by preventing entry and removing them • Metabolism: Synthesize and metabolize different compounds (Nonrespiratory Function of the Lung)

Section I aNaToMY of the RESPIRATORY TRACT

7 Section I ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

Respiratory System Divisions Frontal sinus Nasal cavity asal conchae Sphenoidal sinus Nose Internal nares Upper airway Tongue larynx Hyo Nose, pharynx Esophagus larynx and Trachea associated Bronchus structures LUNG Lower Airway Bronchioles trachea bronchi lungs Diaphragm

8 Respiratory System Divisions • Upper Airway – Nose, pharynx, larynx and associated structures • Lower Airway – trachea, bronchi, lungs

Conducting Zone pyright e The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display all the structures air passes through before Larynx Thyroid cartilage reaching the Cricoid respiratory zone cartilage Cartilage holds tube system open and smooth muscle Trachea controls tube Carina diameter Left primary · Warms and Right primary Bronchus nchius humidifies inspired air Filters and cleans

9 Conducting Zone • All the structures air passes through before reaching the respiratory zone. • Cartilage holds tube system open and smooth muscle controls tube diameter • Warms and humidifies inspired air. • Filters and cleans: Insert fig. 16.5

Respiratory zone pyright e The Mo GrawHill Companies, Inc, Permission required for reproduction or displa Region of Conducting zone Respiratory zone gas exchange between air Number of Trachea Terminal bronchiole and blood. branches/ Primary Includes bronchus respirator bronchioles (2) Respiratory and alveolar bronchioles Bronchial 500,000) sacs tree ALveolar sacs 8 million) Alveolus (60,000)Terminal bronchioles

10 Respiratory Zone • Region of gas exchange between air and blood. • Includes respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs