山东大学：《医学生理学 Medical Physiology》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，人体生理学 Human Physiology）Chapter 3 血液 Blood

Chapter 3 BLOOD Section 1 Composition and Properties of the blood

2 Chapter 3 BLOOD Section 1 Composition and Properties of the Blood

Blood )a suspension solution of blood cells in plasma >circulating through the cardiovascular system Erythrocyte Platelet Leukocyte

3 Blood ➢a suspension solution of blood cells in plasma ➢circulating through the cardiovascular system

Whole blood Blood plasma Proteins Albumins 54% Globulins 38% Composition Other fluids Water Fibrinogen 7% and tissues 915% All others 1% cellular Electrolytes Nutrients portion Regulatory substances (formed Other solutes I Vitamins Waste Products elements) PLASMA(weight) SOLUTES Formed elements Platelets Neutrophils 45% 150,000400,000 60-70% fluid portion White blood cells 949N 5000-10,000 (plasma) Red blood cells Lymphocytes 4. 8-5. 4 million 02025%° Monocytes 3-8% Eosinophils 2-4% ,剩 0.5-1 BODY WEIGHT VOLUME FORMED ELEMENTS LEUKOCYTES number per uL)

4 Composition ➢ cellular portion (formed elements) ➢ fluid portion (plasma)

I Plasma Straw-colored liquid consisting of water and dissolved solutes Sodium ion is the major solute of the plasma in terms of its Plasma(55%) concentration In addition to Nat, plasma → Buffy coat, composed of white blood cells contains Red blood cells and platelets 45% many other salts and ions as well as organic molecules such as metabolites, hormones, enzymes antibodies, and other proteins

5 I Plasma ➢ Straw-colored liquid consisting of water and dissolved solutes. ➢ Sodium ion is the major solute of the plasma in terms of its concentration. ➢ In addition to Na+ , plasma contains ➢ many other salts and ions, ➢ as well as organic molecules such as metabolites, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and other proteins

Plasma proteins constitute 7-9% of the plasma Albumins(60%0-80%) Produced by the liver Provide the osmotic pressure and necessary maintain blood volume and pressure Effective Filtration Pressure -(capillary pressure interstitial osmotic pressure)-(plasma colloid osmotic pressure interstitial hydrostatic pressure) Globulins, divided into three types X Alpha and beta globulin, produced by the liver and function to transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins in the blood y Gamma globulins are antibodies produced b lymphocytes and function in immunity

6 Plasma Proteins – constitute 7-9% of the plasma ➢ Albumins (60% - 80%) ➢ Produced by the liver ➢ Provide the osmotic pressure and necessary to maintain blood volume and pressure. ➢ Effective Filtration Pressure = (capillary pressure + interstitial osmotic pressure) – (plasma colloid osmotic pressure + interstitial hydrostatic pressure) ➢ Globulins, divided into three types: ➢ Alpha and beta globulin, produced by the liver and function to transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins in the blood. ➢ Gamma globulins are antibodies produced by lymphocytes and function in immunity

Plasma pH: 7.35-7.45 Maintained in a very narrow range through numerous mechanisms Acids in the blood are buffered by bicarbonate in the plasma, and blood ph is maintained by the actions of the lungs and kidneys ) The lungs aid acid -base balance through elimination of carbon dioxide, which regulates the amount of carbonic acid in the blood > The kidneys participate in acid-base balance by excreting H+ and retaining plasma bicarbonate

7 Plasma pH: 7.35 – 7.45 ➢Maintained in a very narrow range through numerous mechanisms. ➢Acids in the blood are buffered by bicarbonate in the plasma, and blood pH is maintained by the actions of the lungs and kidneys. ➢The lungs aid acid –base balance through elimination of carbon dioxide, which regulates the amount of carbonic acid in the blood. ➢The kidneys participate in acid – base balance by excreting H+ and retaining plasma bicarbonate

l. Blood cells red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood Erythrocyte cells (leucocytes) platelets Platelet ( thrombocytes) Leukocyte 8

8 II. Blood Cells ➢ red blood cells (erythrocytes) ➢ white blood cells (leucocytes) ➢ platelets (thrombocytes)

Red blood cells Monocytes Cellular nclude blood cells Platelets Eosinophils Basophils

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Figure 13.3. The blood cells and platelets Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 08 Lymphocytes Monocytes Platelets Erythrocytes

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Red cells(Erythrocytes) Number: 5.1 to 5.8 million in males and 4.3 to 5.2 million in females per milliliter blood Shape: flat, biconcave discs. about 7 um in diameter and 2.2 um thick Importance of the unique shape: provides an increased surface area through which gas can diffuse

11 Red cells (Erythrocytes) ➢ Number: 5.1 to 5.8 million in males and 4.3 to 5.2 million in females per milliliter blood. ➢ Shape: flat, biconcave discs, about 7 um in diameter and 2.2 um thick. ➢ Importance of the unique shape: provides an increased surface area through which gas can diffuse