山东大学：《医学生理学 Medical Physiology》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，人体生理学 Human Physiology）Chapter 7 Metabolism and Body Temperature

Energy metabolism and body temperature 弹餐 O-B. Moose Peterson

Energy metabolism and body temperature

Outline of the lecture Section 1 Energy Metabolism 1. Energy storage, liberation, transfer and utilization 2. Energy balance 3. Metabolic rate Section 2 Body Temperature 1. body temperature 2. Balance between heat production and heat loss 3. Regulation of the body temperature

Outline of the lecture Section 1 Energy Metabolism 1. Energy storage, liberation, transfer and utilization 2. Energy balance 3. Metabolic rate Section 2 Body Temperature 1. Body temperature 2. Balance between heat production and heat loss 3. Regulation of the body temperature

Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism material require material release synthesis energy breakdown energy material energy metabolism metabolism

material synthesis material breakdown release energy require energy material metabolism energy metabolism Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism

Energy storage, liberation, transfer and utilization Glycogen y Energy for 1 Synthesis and growth Glucose 2 Muscular contraction ATP 3 Glandular secretion Lactic acid Pyruvic acid 4 Nerve conduction 5 Active absorption 6 Etc Acetyl-CoA Deaminated Phosphocreatine amino acids AMP Other substrates CO2+ H2o Creatine + Po FIGURE 72-1 Overall schema of energy transfer from foods to the adenylic acid system and then to the functional elements of the cells(Modified from Soskin, Levine: Carbohydrate Metabolism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press O1946, 1952 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved

Energy storage, liberation, transfer and utilization

Energy balance Energy input -energy output heat Food heat heat AtP cellular functions - heat metabolism Food heat

Energy balance Energy input = energy output heat Food heat heat ATP cellular functions heat metabolism Food heat

metabolic rate o amount of energy liberated from a living organism per unit of time o expressed in terms of the rate of heat liberation during the chemical reactions

metabolic rate ⚫ amount of energy liberated from a living organism per unit of time ⚫ expressed in terms of the rate of heat liberation during the chemical reactions

Metabolic rate Measurement of the metabolic rate Direct calorimetry Indirect calorimetry o Caloric value/thermal equivalent of food Oxygen consumption /thermal equivalent of oxygen (1 L Respiratory quotient (CO2/O

Metabolic rate Measurement of the metabolic rate Direct calorimetry Indirect calorimetry ⚫ Caloric value / thermal equivalent of food ⚫ Oxygen consumption / thermal equivalent of oxygen （1 L） ⚫ Respiratory quotient （CO2 / O2）

襄71几种营养物质在体内氧化时的几种数据 营养物质 生理热价 耗O2量 产生的OO 氧的热价 (kJ/g) (L/g) (L/g) (kJA) 呼吸商 淀粉 17.61 0.83 0.83 21.19 葡萄糖 13.15 0.75 0.75 20.98 脂肪 38.52 1.43 19.75 蛋白质 18.42 0.96 0.77 19.26 0.81 衰72非蛋白呼吸商和氧的热价 非蛋白呼吸商 氧的热价k(kal)O2 氧化的糖%:氧化的脂肪% 0.71 1962(4.69 0:100 0.75 1984(4.74) 15.6:84.4 0.80 20.10(4.801) 33.4:66.6 0. 20.15(4.813) 36.9:63.1 20.20(4.825) 40.3:597 0 20.26(4.838) 43.8:56.2 0 20.31(4.850) 47.2:52.8 0.85 20.36(4.862) 50.7:493 0.86 20.41(4875) 54.1:45.9 0.87 20.46(4.887) 57.5:42.5 20.62(4.924) 67.5:32.6 20.87(4985) 84.0:16.0 1.00 21.13(5.047) 100.0:0

Energy Expenditure During Different Types of Activity for a 70-Kilogram Man C glories Form of Activity per Hour Sleeping 65 Awake lying still 77 Sitting at rest Standing relaxed 105 Dressing and undressing l18 ypewriting rapidl 140 Walking slowly (2.6 miles per hour) 200 Carpentry, metalworking, industrial painting 240 Sawing wood 480 Swimming 500 Running(5.3 miles per hour) 570 Walking up stairs rapidly 1100 Extracted from data compiled by Professor M. S Rose

Factors that affect the metabolic rate 1. Exercise Exercise produces an increase in metabolic rate 2. Ingestion of food Increase metabolic rate The specific dynamic action of protein 3. Emotional state 4. Environmental temperature 20-30c have stable metabolic rate 30C. metabolic rate is increased 5. Other factors(Sleep, sex, etc

Factors that affect the metabolic rate 1. Exercise Exercise produces an increase in metabolic rate 2. Ingestion of food Increase metabolic rate The specific dynamic action of protein 3. Emotional state 4. Environmental temperature 20-30 °C have stable metabolic rate 30°C , metabolic rate is increased 5. Other factors (sleep, sex, etc.)