山东大学：《医学生理学 Medical Physiology》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，人体生理学 Human Physiology）Chapter 10 Nervous System part 7 Learning and Memory

Section 7 Learning and memory

Section 7 Learning and Memory

I Learning

I Learning

Learning associative and nonassociative The acquisition of knowledge or skill; Associate and nonassociative learning

Learning: associative and nonassociative The acquisition of knowledge or skill; Associate and nonassociative learning

Nonassociative No paired stimulus/response o Habituation -becomes less responsive to repeated no-harmful stimuli o Sensitization- becomes more responsive-to repeated harmful stimulation

Nonassociative ⚫No paired stimulus/response ⚫ Habituation - becomes less responsive to repeated no-harmful stimuli ⚫ Sensitization - becomes more responsive – to repeated harmful stimulation

Associative o Paired stimulus/response ● Two basic types classical conditioning(two stimuli are paired when the light shines -----get food) operant conditioning (stimuli and response are paired; push lever= food

Associative ⚫Paired stimulus/response ⚫ Two basic types – classical conditioning (two stimuli are paired; when the light shines ----- get food) – operant conditioning (stimuli and response are paired; push lever = food

Psychological aspects Classical conditioning requires that the learning have predictive value Conditioned stimuli (no overt response)and unconditioned stimuli(gives an overt response) not simply timing of events relative to each other blocking phenomena( tone and light experiment) tone does not add anything so not learned we can detect a positive correlation between two stimuli(efficiency of pairing) Extinction can occur over time(unpaired

Psychological aspects ⚫ Classical conditioning requires that the learning have predictive value ⚫ Conditioned stimuli (no overt response) and unconditioned stimuli (gives an overt response) – not simply timing of events relative to each other – blocking phenomena (tone and light experiment) ⚫ tone does not add anything so not learned – we can detect a positive correlation between two stimuli (efficiency of pairing) – Extinction can occur over time (unpaired)

Psychological aspects o Operant conditioning (trial-and-error learning a predictive relationship between response and a stimulus behaviors that are rewarded tend to be repeated; those that cause aversive consequences are not repeated timing is important must have predictive element

Psychological aspects ⚫ Operant conditioning (trial-and-error learning) – A predictive relationship between response and a stimulus – behaviors that are rewarded tend to be repeated; those that cause aversive consequences are not repeated – timing is important – must have predictive element

Learning involves forming memorles

Learning involves forming memories

lI Memory

II Memory

Memory Outside stimuli o Memory is the storage and retrieval of information General and special sensory receptors o The three principles of Afferent inputs memory are Temporary storag ( buffer) in cerebral cortex Data permanently lost Storage -occurs in stages and is continually changing Automatic Data selected for transfer memorv Forget Processing -accomplished Short-term by the hippocampus and memory Forget surrounding structures Data transfer Memory traces-chemical or influenced by Retrieval Exciteme structural changes that Rehearsal Association of encode memory old and new data Long-term emory Data unretrievable

Memory ⚫ Memory is the storage and retrieval of information ⚫ The three principles of memory are: – Storage – occurs in stages and is continually changing – Processing – accomplished by the hippocampus and surrounding structures – Memory traces – chemical or structural changes that encode memory