吉林大学：《药理学》课程PPT教学课件（七年制）Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs

Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs

Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs

overview Anxiety is an unpleasant state Disorders involving anxiety are the most common mental disturbances Function clinically as both anxiolytic and hypnotic (sleep-inducing)agents

overview ◼ Anxiety is an unpleasant state ◼ Disorders involving anxiety are the most common mental disturbances ◼ Function clinically as both anxiolytic and hypnotic (sleep-inducing) agents

benzodiazepines The most widely used anxiolytic drugs More effective and safer than barbiturates and meprobamate

benzodiazepines ◼ The most widely used anxiolytic drugs ◼ More effective and safer than barbiturates and meprobamate

Mode of action Binding of y-aminobutyric acid to its receptor -Triggers an opening of a chloride channel ■( Causes a small hyperpolarization that moves the postsynaptic potential away

Mode of action ◼ Binding of -aminobutyric acid to its receptor ◼ Triggers an opening of a chloride channel ◼ Causes a small hyperpolarization that moves the postsynaptic potential away

eptor empty agonists) Chloride channel Empty receptor is inactive,and the coupled GABA 0阳cepto chloride channel Is closed Benzodiazepine receptor eptor GABA ilng GABA GABA Binding of GABA causes GABA receptor the chloride lon channel to open. eptor Benzodiazepin ing GABA benzodiazepine GABA Binding of GABA is GABA recepto enhanced by benzo- Cr hyperpolarizes cell making lifficult to depolarize and therefore on. neural excitability

Actions Reduction of anxiety:at low doses,the benzodiazepines are anxiolytic. Sedative and hypnotic actions: Anticonvulsant: Muscle relaxant:

Actions ◼ Reduction of anxiety: at low doses, the benzodiazepines are anxiolytic. ◼ Sedative and hypnotic actions: ◼ Anticonvulsant: ◼ Muscle relaxant:

Therapeutic uses Anxiety disorders:in treating the a anxiety that accompanies some forms of depression and schizophrenia

Therapeutic uses ◼ Anxiety disorders: in treating the anxiety that accompanies some forms of depression and schizophrenia

Therapeutic uses Muscular disorder:in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasms.Spasticity such as multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy

Therapeutic uses ◼ Muscular disorder: in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasms. Spasticity such as multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy

Therapeutic uses Seizures:clonazepam is useful in the chronic treatment of epilepsy,whereas diazepam is the drug of choice in terminating grand mal epileptic seizures and status epilepticus

Therapeutic uses ◼ Seizures: clonazepam is useful in the chronic treatment of epilepsy, whereas diazepam is the drug of choice in terminating grand mal epileptic seizures and status epilepticus

Therapeutic uses Sleep disorders: a. flurazepam:reduces both sleep-induction time and the number of awakenings,and increases the duration of sleep. b. Temazepam:is useful in patients who experience frequent wakening C. Triazolam:used to induce sleep in patients with recurring insomnia

Therapeutic uses ◼ Sleep disorders: a. flurazepam: reduces both sleep-induction time and the number of awakenings, and increases the duration of sleep. b. Temazepam: is useful in patients who experience frequent wakening c. Triazolam: used to induce sleep in patients with recurring insomnia