《地质与地貌学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第十二章 海岸地貌和湖泊地貌 Coastal Landforms and Lake Landforms

Chapter 12 Coastal Landforms and Lake Landforms

Chapter 12 Coastal Landforms and Lake Landforms

问题：中国和美国分别有多大的陆地和海洋面积？ Ocean's deepest spot Earths highest mounti作 Mariana Trenich 11.022 metors (36.163 leet) Hawail 10.203 meters (33 476 tat) from the seabed Notthem Hemisphere 06G 393%1ad Some Statisticn for the Warld Ocean Aroa 361 100.000 square kilometers (139,400.000 square miles) Masa:14t billion billion metric tons (155 billion billiion torn) Volume 1,370,000,000 cubic kilometers (329,000,000 cutic miles) Average depth 3.796 metor (12 451 teer) Average tomnperaturo 3.9C (99.0F FIGURE 1.2 The proportion of sea versus land,shown on an Average salmty 34.482 grams por lolpgram (0.56 ounce per pound)3.4% cqual-area projection of Earth (An equal area projecton s Average land elvation 840 meters (2.772 leet) map drawn to represent areas in their correct relative propor Ape:About 4 billion yoar tions.The average depth of the ocean is 4 times greater than Fufure Uncertain the averave land clevation Note the exent of the Pacinie Ocean. Earth's most prominent single feature //oceanography.brooksrole.com/garisonse KNOWING THE OCEAN WORLD 3

问题：中国和美国分别有多大的陆地和海洋面积？

Oceanography Early Voyaging Trade in the Mediterranean Sea,the Cretans or the Phoenicians Science for Voyaging The Library of Alexandria in Egypt founded in the third century B.C. Chinese Contributions The Age of Discovery:From Prince Henry to Magellan

Early Voyaging Trade in the Mediterranean Sea, the Cretans or the Phoenicians Science for Voyaging The Library of Alexandria in Egypt founded in the third century B.C. Chinese Contributions Oceanography The Age of Discovery: From Prince Henry to Magellan

IGURE 1.13 The treasure ship,largest in a vast Chinese fleet whose purpose was to show kindness o people of distant places.The fleet sailed the Pacific and Indian Oceans between 1405 and 1433

Between 1405 and 1433 Admiral Zheng He commanded the greatest fleet the world -had ever known.At least 317 ships and 37,000 men undertook seven missions to explore oceans.Their aim:to display the wealth and power of the Ming dynasty and to show kindness to people of distant places.The largest ship in the fleet with a length of 134 meters was a huge treasure ship carrying objects of the finest materials and craftmanship.The mission of the fleet was not to accumulate such treasure but to give it away

▪ Between 1405 and 1433 Admiral Zheng He commanded the greatest fleet the world ▪ had ever known. At least 317 ships and 37,000 men undertook seven missions to explore oceans. Their aim: to display the wealth and power of the Ming dynasty and to show kindness to people of distant places. The largest ship in the fleet with a length of 134 meters was a huge treasure ship carrying objects of the finest materials and craftmanship. The mission of the fleet was not to accumulate such treasure but to give it away

Despite enjoying these technical advances. the Chinese intentionally abandoned oceanic exploration in 1433.The political winds had changed,and the cost of the “reverse tribute”system was judged too great.In all,until late in the twentieth century, the Chinese made very few contributions to our understanding of the the ocean.Still, their voyaging technology filtered into the West and made subsequent discoveries possible

▪ Despite enjoying these technical advances, the Chinese intentionally abandoned oceanic exploration in 1433. The political winds had changed, and the cost of the “reverse tribute” system was judged too great. In all, until late in the twentieth century, the Chinese made very few contributions to our understanding of the the ocean. Still, their voyaging technology filtered into the West and made subsequent discoveries possible

Prince Henry established a center of marine science in the mid-1400s 150co0r1520 /anography-bruoscolecom/n 0 FIGURE 1.16 (a)Ferdinand Magellin,a Portuguese navigator in serv ice to Spain whose expedition was first to circumnavigate the world (b)Track of the Magellan expedition,the first voyage aruund the world. Magellan himself did not survive the voyage;only 34 out of 260 sailors managed to retum after three years of dangerous travel

Prince Henry established a center of marine science in the mid-1400s

Laws of the Sea 1703,a country's seaward boundary was set at about 5 km. -In April 1982,the United Nations adopted the convention by a vote of 130 to 4,with 17 abstentions. -Territorial waters 12 miles from shore. A nation has the right to jurisdiction Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)370km from shoreline.Nations hold sovereignty over resources,economic activities. -High seas outside the EEZs

Laws of the Sea ▪ 1703, a country’s seaward boundary was set at about 5 km. ▪ In April 1982, the United Nations adopted the convention by a vote of 130 to 4, with 17 abstentions. ▪ Territorial waters 12 miles from shore. A nation has the right to jurisdiction ▪ Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 370km from shoreline. Nations hold sovereignty over resources, economic activities. ▪ High seas outside the EEZs

·中国国家海洋局（青岛海洋所，厦门海洋所，杭 州海洋所） ·中国科学院海洋研究所，广州海洋所 ·同济大学 华东师范大学 ·青岛海洋大学

▪ 中国国家海洋局 (青岛海洋所,厦门海洋所,杭 州海洋所) ▪ 中国科学院海洋研究所,广州海洋所 ▪ 同济大学 ▪ 华东师范大学 ▪ 青岛海洋大学

第一节海岸地貌 12.1 Coastal Landforms

第一节 海岸地貌 12.1 Coastal Landforms