同济大学：《水资源管理》课程教学资源（教案讲义）05 Trans-boundary water resources management

Question What is a trans-boundary river/lake? A transboundary river/lake is a river/lake that crosses at least one political borders

Question What is a trans-boundary river/lake? Atransboundary river/lake is a river/lake that crosses at least one political borders

Outline 1.Transboundary river basins of the world 2.Current water stress in major river basins of the world transboundary water agreements 3.Benefits from the cooperative management of transboundary water resources 4.Case:Senegal River Basin:Cooperative Management

1. Transboundary river basins of the world 2. Current water stress in major river basins of the world transboundary water agreements 3. Benefits from the cooperative management of transboundary water resources 4. Case: Senegal River Basin: Cooperative Management Outline

Water "There is a water crisis, and there is an increasing understanding that it is a Water crisis of governance rather than one of ash国ed resp0n5ltW physical scarcity of Te United Nifiors g脚g0 icpmeet water”(UNEP2008) Biport 2

“There is awater crisis, and there is an increasing understanding that it is a crisis of governance rather than one of physical scarcity of water” (UNEP, 2008)

"I urge Governments to recognize the urban water crisis for what it is a crisis of governance,weak policies and poor management,rather than one of scarcity."UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon,2011 "This crisis is one of water governance,essentially caused by the ways in which we mismanage water,"UNWWDR.2006

“I urge Governments to recognize the urban water crisis for what it is — a crisis of governance, weak policies and poor management, rather than one of scarcity.” UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, 2011 "This crisis is one of water governance, essentially caused by the ways in which we mismanage water,” UNWWDR, 2006

Introduction Almost 40%of the world's population lives in more than 200 river basins that are shared by more than two countries. 22 countries around the world are heavily dependent upon the flow of water originating in other upstream nations for a large part of their supply. Cooperative management of shared watercourses can optimize regional benefits,mitigate water-related disasters, and minimize tensions. It can also help maintain shared ecosystems and improve water productivity in agriculture

Introduction • Almost 40% of the world’s population lives in more than 200 river basins that are shared by more than two countries. • 22 countries around the world are heavily dependent upon the flow of water originating in other upstream nations for a large part of their supply. • Cooperative management of shared watercourses can optimize regional benefits, mitigate water-related disasters, and minimize tensions. • It can also help maintain shared ecosystems and improve water productivity in agriculture

Transboundary river basins of the world 263 international river basins cover 45%of earth's surface 145 international treaties since 1814 established to deal with some non-navigational use aspect 12 states have more than 95%of their territory within one or more transboundary basin(s) Global Figures on Transboundary Waters 148 countries include territory within one or more transboundary river basins 39 countries have more than 90%of their territory within one or more transboundary river basins 21 lie entirely within one or more of these watersheds There are numerous examples where transboundary waters have proved to be a source of cooperation rather than conflict

◆263 international river basins cover 45% of earth’s surface ◆145 international treaties since 1814 established to deal with some non-navigational use aspect ◆12 states have more than 95% of their territory within one or more transboundary basin(s) Transboundary river basins of the world

Transboundary river basins of the world 64 46 60 68 38 Africa North America Asia Europe South America

Transboundary river basins of the world

Current water stress in major river basins of the world Huang-Ho (Yellow) Basin,China Key Low WSI =1 Africa Murray-Darling Bas No discharge Australia Major river basins As demands for water escalate,water-stressed river basins will increase in both number and severity Source:V.Smakhtin,C.Revenga and P Doll.2004

Current water stress in major river basins of the world As demands for water escalate, water-stressed river basins will increase in both number and severity Source: V. Smakhtin, C. Revenga and P. Döll. 2004

cloud forme EVAPORATION Human-induced changes to the flow of water, either on the surface or underground,potentially cause changes in other parts of the inland water system. Hydrological cycle

Human-induced changes to the flow of water, either on the surface or underground, potentially cause changes in other parts of the inland water system. Hydrological cycle

The world'stransboundary rivers and aquifers Transboundary river basins Transboundary aquifers* Number area in international Number basins Africa 59 62 40 Asia 57 40 70 Europe 69 55 89 North and Central America 40 37 41 South America 38 59 29 Total (global) 263 48 269 *Data on areas of transboundary aquifers are limited,and only available for selected aquifers. Sources:International river basins from Wolf et al.(1999)and updated in 2002; international aquifers from UNESCO(2009)

The world’stransboundary rivers and aquifers Sources: International river basins from Wolf et al. (1999) and updated in 2002; international aquifers from UNESCO (2009)