中国科学技术大学：《人工智能基础》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）Lecture 02 Intelligent Agents

Intelligent Agents 吉建民 USTC jianminOustc.edu.cn 2022年2月28日 4口◆4⊙t1三1=，￥9QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intelligent Agents 吉建民 USTC jianmin@ustc.edu.cn 2022 年 2 月 28 日

Used Materials Disclaimer:本课件采用了S.Russell and P.Norvig's Artificial Intelligence-A modern approach slides,徐林莉老师课件和其他网 络课程课件，也采用了GitHub中开源代码，以及部分网络博客 内容 口卡4三4色进分QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used Materials Disclaimer: 本课件采用了 S. Russell and P. Norvig’s Artificial Intelligence –A modern approach slides, 徐林莉老师课件和其他网 络课程课件，也采用了 GitHub 中开源代码，以及部分网络博客 内容

Table of Contents Agents and Environments PEAS (Performance measure.Environment,Actuators,Sensors) Environment Types Agent Types 4口◆4⊙t4三1=，￥9QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table of Contents Agents and Environments PEAS (Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors) Environment Types Agent Types

Agents ,An agent(智能体)is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors(传感器)and acting upon that environment through actuators(执行器) ,Agent通过传感器感知环境并通过执行器对所处环境产生影 响 Agents include humans,.robots,softbots(软件机器人)， thermostats(自动调温器)，etc. Human agent: eyes.ears,and other organs for sensors; hands,legs,mouth,and other body parts for actuators Robotic agent: cameras and infrared range finders for sensors; various motors for actuators 口卡4三，4色，进分QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agents ▶ An agent (智能体) is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors（传感器） and acting upon that environment through actuators（执行器） ▶ Agent 通过传感器感知环境并通过执行器对所处环境产生影 响 ▶ Agents include humans, robots, softbots（软件机器人）, thermostats（自动调温器）, etc. ▶ Human agent: ▶ eyes, ears, and other organs for sensors; ▶ hands, legs, mouth, and other body parts for actuators ▶ Robotic agent: ▶ cameras and infrared range finders for sensors; ▶ various motors for actuators

Agents and environments sensors percepts environment actions actuator The agent function maps from percept histories to actions: f:P*→A The agent program runs on the physical architecture to produce f agent architecture program 4口◆4⊙t1三1=，￥9QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agents and environments ▶ The agent function maps from percept histories to actions: f : P ∗ → A ▶ The agent program runs on the physical architecture to produce f ▶ agent = architecture + program

Vacuum-cleaner world B 0g88 888 Percepts:location and contents,e.g.,[A,Dirty] Actions:Left,Right,Suck,NoOp 口卡B·三4色进分双0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vacuum-cleaner world ▶ Percepts: location and contents, e.g., [A,Dirty] ▶ Actions: Left, Right, Suck, NoOp

A vacuum-cleaner agent Percept sequence Action [A,Clean] Right [A.Dirty] Suck [B,Clean] Left [B,Dirty] Suck [A,Clean],[A,Clean] Right [A,Clean].[A,Dirty] Suck function Reflex-Vacuum-Agent([location,status])returns an action if status Dirty then return Suck else if location =A then return Right else if location B then return Left What is the right function? Can it be implemented in a small agent program? 4口◆4⊙t1三1=，￥9QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A vacuum-cleaner agent What is the right function? Can it be implemented in a small agent program?

随机覆盖式扫地机器人 iRobot Roomba3-8系列机器人算法 51 45 0 口卡4·三4色，是分QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 随机覆盖式扫地机器人 iRobot Roomba 3-8 系列机器人算法

规划式扫地机器人 规划式清扫路线 随机式清扫路线 4口◆4⊙t1三1=，￥9QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 规划式扫地机器人

Rational agents An agent should strive to"do the right thing",based on what it can perceive and the actions it can perform.The right action is the one that will cause the agent to be most successful ,Performance measure(性能度量)：An objective criterion for success of an agent's behavior E.g.,performance measure of a vacuum-cleaner agent could be: amount of dirt cleaned up amount of time taken amount of electricity consumed amount of noise generated,etc. 口卡B·三4色进分双0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rational agents ▶ An agent should strive to “do the right thing”, based on what it can perceive and the actions it can perform. The right action is the one that will cause the agent to be most successful ▶ Performance measure（性能度量）: An objective criterion for success of an agent’s behavior ▶ E.g., performance measure of a vacuum-cleaner agent could be: ▶ amount of dirt cleaned up ▶ amount of time taken ▶ amount of electricity consumed ▶ amount of noise generated, etc