《Artificial Intelligence：A Modern Approach》教学资源（PPT课件，英文版）Chapter 2-Intelligent Agents

Intelligent Agents Chapter 2

Intelligent Agents Chapter 2

Outline Agents and environments 。Rationality PEAS(Performance measure, Environment,Actuators,Sensors) ·Environment types ·Agent types

Outline • Agents and environments • Rationality • PEAS (Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors) • Environment types • Agent types

Agents An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators Human agent:eyes,ears,and other organs for sensors;hands, legs,mouth,and other body parts for actuators ●】 Robotic agent:cameras and infrared range finders for sensors; various motors for actuators

Agents • An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators • • Human agent: eyes, ears, and other organs for sensors; hands, • legs, mouth, and other body parts for actuators • • Robotic agent: cameras and infrared range finders for sensors; • various motors for actuators •

Agents and environments sensors percepts envlronme nt agent actlons actuators The agent function maps from percept histories to actions: [f.P*→列 The agent program runs on the physical architecture to produce f

Agents and environments • The agent function maps from percept histories to actions: • [f: P* → A] • The agent program runs on the physical architecture to produce f •

Vacuum-cleaner world ☒ g88 g8 Percepts:location and contents,e.g., [A,Dirty] ● Actions:Left,Right,Suck,NoOp

Vacuum-cleaner world • Percepts: location and contents, e.g., [A,Dirty] • • Actions: Left, Right, Suck, NoOp •

A vacuum-cleaner agent \inputftables/vacuum-agent-function-table

A vacuum-cleaner agent • \input{tables/vacuum-agent-function-table} •

Rational agents An agent should strive to "do the right thing", based on what it can perceive and the actions it can perform.The right action is the one that will cause the agent to be most successful ●】 Performance measure:An objective criterion for success of an agent's behavior ● E.g.,performance measure of a vacuum-cleaner agent could be amount of dirt cleaned up, amount of time taken,amount of electricity consumed,amount of noise generated,etc

Rational agents • An agent should strive to "do the right thing", based on what it can perceive and the actions it can perform. The right action is the one that will cause the agent to be most successful • • Performance measure: An objective criterion for success of an agent's behavior • • E.g., performance measure of a vacuum-cleaner agent could be amount of dirt cleaned up, amount of time taken, amount of electricity consumed, amount of noise generated, etc. •

Rational agents Rational Agent:For each possible percept sequence,a rational agent should select an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure,given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has

Rational agents • Rational Agent: For each possible percept sequence, a rational agent should select an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has. •

Rational agents Rationality is distinct from omniscience (all-knowing with infinite knowledge) ● Agents can perform actions in order to modify future percepts so as to obtain useful information (information gathering, exploration) An agent is autonomous if its behavior is determined by its own experience (with ability to learn and adapt)

Rational agents • Rationality is distinct from omniscience (all-knowing with infinite knowledge) • • Agents can perform actions in order to modify future percepts so as to obtain useful information (information gathering, exploration) • • An agent is autonomous if its behavior is determined by its own experience (with ability to learn and adapt) •

PEAS PEAS:Performance measure,Environment, Actuators,Sensors Must first specify the setting for intelligent agent design ● Consider,e.g.,the task of designing an automated taxi driver: -Performance measure Environment -Actuators

PEAS • PEAS: Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors • Must first specify the setting for intelligent agent design • • Consider, e.g., the task of designing an automated taxi driver: • – Performance measure – – Environment – Actuators – Sensors